Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is the major methyl donor in cells and it is also used for the biosynthesis of polyamines and the plant hormone ethylene. During climacteric ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Bonaparte'), ethylene production rises considerably which makes it an ideal object to study SAM involvement. We examined in ripening fruit how a 1-MCP treatment affects SAM usage by the three major SAM-associated pathways. The 1-MCP treatment inhibited autocatalytic ethylene production but did not affect SAM levels. We also observed that 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid formation during ripening is ethylene dependent. SAM decarboxylase expression was also found to be upregulated by ethylene. Nonetheless polyamine content was higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit. This leads to the conclusion that the ethylene and polyamine pathway can operate simultaneously. We also observed a higher methylation capacity in 1-MCP-treated fruit. During fruit ripening substantial methylation reactions occur which are gradually inhibited by the methylation product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). SAH accumulation is caused by a drop in adenosine kinase expression, which is not observed in 1-MCP-treated fruit. We can conclude that tomato fruit possesses the capability to simultaneously consume SAM during ripening to ensure a high rate of ethylene and polyamine production and transmethylation reactions. SAM usage during ripening requires a complex cellular regulation mechanism in order to control SAM levels.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited autocatalytic ethylene production in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- autocatalytic ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1-MCP treatment inhibited autocatalytic ethylene production but did not affect SAM levels”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP did not affect tomato fruit SAM levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- SAM levelse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1-MCP treatment inhibited autocatalytic ethylene production but did not affect SAM levels”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Formation of 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid during ripening depended on ethylene.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid formatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid formation during ripening is ethylene dependent”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene upregulated SAM decarboxylase expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- SAM decarboxylasee0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- SAM decarboxylase expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAM decarboxylase expression was also found to be upregulated by ethylene”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyamine content was higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP-treatede0
- Outcome
- polyamine contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonetheless polyamine content was higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylation capacity was higher in 1-MCP-treated tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP-treatede0
- Outcome
- methylation capacitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also observed a higher methylation capacity in 1-MCP-treated fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Substantial methylation reactions occurred during tomato fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- substantial methylation reactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During fruit ripening substantial methylation reactions occur”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulating SAH progressively inhibited methylation reactions during ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH)e0
- Outcome
- methylation reactionse0
- Qualifier
- gradually inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methylation reactions occur which are gradually inhibited by the methylation product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A decline in adenosine kinase expression caused SAH accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- adenosine kinasee0
- Outcome
- SAH accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- a drop in adenosine kinase expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAH accumulation is caused by a drop in adenosine kinase expression”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The adenosine kinase expression drop did not occur in 1-MCP-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP-treatede0
- Gene
- adenosine kinasee0
- Outcome
- a drop in adenosine kinase expressione0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a drop in adenosine kinase expression, which is not observed in 1-MCP-treated fruit”
t0“tomato”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.