Abstract
The origin and transport of the IAA responsible for rooting was studied in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings obtained from secondary shoots of the mother plants. The presence of mature leaves in the cuttings was essential for rooting. Removal of the apex and/or the youngest leaves did not reduce the rooting percentage as long as mature leaves remained attached. Removal of mature leaves inhibited rooting for a 24-day period during which the basal leaves grew and reached maturity. After this period rooting progressed as in intact cuttings. Auxin (NAA + IBA) applied to the stem base of defoliated cuttings was about 60% as effective as mature leaves in stimulating rooting. Application of NPA to the basal internode resulted in full inhibition of rooting. The view, deduced from these results, that auxin from mature leaves is the main factor controlling the rooting process was reinforced by the fact that mature leaves contained IAA and exported labelled IAA to the stem. The distribution of radioactivity after application of (5-3H)-IAA to mature leaves showed that auxin movement in the stem was basipetal and sensitive to NPA inhibition. The features of this transport were studied by applying 3H-IAA to the apical cut surface of stem sections excised from cuttings. The intensity of the transport was lower in the oldest node than in the basal internode, probably due to the presence of vascular traces of leaves. Irrespective of the localization of the sections and the carnation cultivar used, basipetal IAA transport was severely reduced when the temperature was lowered from 25 to 4 degrees C. The polar nature of the IAA transport in the sections was confirmed by the inhibition produced by NPA. Local application of IAA to different tissues of the sections revealed that polar auxin transport was associated with the vascular cylinder, the transport in the pith and cortex being low and apolar. The present results strongly support the conclusion that IAA originating from the leaves and transported in the stem through the polar auxin transport pathway was decisive in controlling adventitious rooting.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mature leaves were essential for rooting.
- Taxon
- carnation
Dianthus caryophylluse1 - Organ / stage
- mature leavese0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of mature leaves in the cuttings was essential for rooting”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing apex or youngest leaves did not reduce rooting when mature leaves stayed attached.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- Removal of the apex and/or the youngest leavese0
- Outcome
- rooting percentagee0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of the apex and/or the youngest leaves did not reduce the rooting percentage as long as mature leaves remained attached”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing mature leaves inhibited rooting for 24 days.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- Removal of mature leavese0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 24-day periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of mature leaves inhibited rooting for a 24-day period”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Rooting resumed like intact cuttings after basal leaves matured.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Comparator
- intact cuttingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After this period rooting progressed as in intact cuttings”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus IBA stimulated rooting in defoliated cuttings at about 60% of mature leaf effectiveness.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- Auxin (NAA + IBA) applied to the stem basee0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- mature leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin (NAA + IBA) applied to the stem base of defoliated cuttings was about 60% as effective as mature leaves in stimulating rooting”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
NPA on the basal internode fully inhibited rooting.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- NPAe0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- full inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of NPA to the basal internode resulted in full inhibition of rooting”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature leaves contained IAA and exported labeled IAA to stems.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese0
- Outcome
- contained IAA and exported labelled IAA to the steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature leaves contained IAA and exported labelled IAA to the stem”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem auxin movement was basipetal and sensitive to NPA.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Outcome
- auxin movement in the stem was basipetal and sensitive to NPA inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin movement in the stem was basipetal and sensitive to NPA inhibition”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Transport intensity was lower in the oldest node than basal internode.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Organ / stage
- oldest nodee0
- Outcome
- intensity of the transporte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- basal internodee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intensity of the transport was lower in the oldest node than in the basal internode”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling from 25 to 4 degrees C severely reduced basipetal IAA transport.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- temperature was lowered from 25 to 4 degrees Ce0
- Outcome
- basipetal IAA transporte0
- Direction
- severely reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basipetal IAA transport was severely reduced when the temperature was lowered from 25 to 4 degrees C”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
NPA inhibited polar IAA transport in stem sections.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- NPAe0
- Outcome
- IAA transporte0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polar nature of the IAA transport in the sections was confirmed by the inhibition produced by NPA”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Polar auxin transport was associated with vascular cylinder tissue.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Organ / stage
- vascular cylindere0
- Outcome
- polar auxin transporte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polar auxin transport was associated with the vascular cylinder”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin transport in pith and cortex was low and apolar.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Outcome
- transport in the pith and cortex being low and apolare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transport in the pith and cortex being low and apolar”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude leaf-derived IAA transported by a polar pathway controls adventitious rooting.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse1
- Compound
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- adventitious rootinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA originating from the leaves and transported in the stem through the polar auxin transport pathway was decisive in controlling adventitious rooting”
e1“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cuttings”
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