Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the standing biomass, nutrient distribution, leaf mass per area (LMA) and chlorophyll of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) seedlings after harvesting of overstory Quercus mongolica where Korean pine seedlings grow from seeds transported by red squirrels. Three years after harvesting, biomass, nutrient distribution, LMA and chlorophyll were measured, and allometric equations were applied to estimate the biomass of the foliage, branches, stems and roots of seedlings. Heights and diameters of Korean pine seedlings showed a reverse J-shaped distribution. Total biomass (kg ha -1 ) of Korean pine seedlings was 3,627 in the harvested stand and 1,432 in the control stand. The amounts of foliage were higher in both stands compared to other artificially planted Korean pine seedlings. The ratio of foliage biomass to total biomass was 32% in the harvested stand and 42% in the control stand. There were no significant differences in N and P concentration between the two stands among the different parts of the Korean pine seedlings. Total N and P contents were 22.50kg ha -1 and 2.48kg ha -1 for the harvested stand and 12.04kg ha -1 and 1.26kg ha -1 for the control stand, respectively. The ratio of N content of foliage to total N content was 58.9% in the harvested stand and 65.3% in the control stand. The ratio of P content of foliage to total P content was 53.0% in the harvested stand and 55.1% in the control stand. LMA was higher in the harvested stand than in the control stand. The LMA of current-year foliage was lower than that of older foliage in both stands. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents were higher in the control stand. There were no significant differences in chlorophyll a/b ratios between the two stands and between foliage ages. Korean pine seedlings originating from seeds transported by red squirrels showed increased LMA, decreased chlorophyll contents, and increased biomass resulting from improved light conditions following the harvesting of the overstory deciduous forest.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Heights and diameters of Korean pine seedlings showed a reverse J-shaped distribution.
- Taxon
- Korean Pine
Pinus koraiensist0 - Outcome
- reverse J-shaped distributione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Heights and diameters of Korean pine seedlings showed a reverse J-shaped distribution”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass of Korean pine seedlings was 3,627 kg/ha in the harvested stand versus 1,432 in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- Total biomasse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 3,627e1
- Qualifier
- 1,432e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total biomass (kg ha -1 ) of Korean pine seedlings was 3,627 in the harvested stand and 1,432 in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The amounts of foliage were higher in both stands than in other artificially planted Korean pine seedlings.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- amounts of foliagee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- other artificially planted Korean pine seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The amounts of foliage were higher in both stands compared to other artificially planted Korean pine seedlings”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of foliage biomass to total biomass was 32% in the harvested stand and 42% in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- ratio of foliage biomass to total biomasse1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 32%e1
- Qualifier
- 42%e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ratio of foliage biomass to total biomass was 32% in the harvested stand and 42% in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no significant differences in N and P concentration between the two stands among the different seedling parts.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- N and P concentratione1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were no significant differences in N and P concentration between the two stands among the different parts of the Korean pine seedlings”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N content of seedlings was 22.50 kg/ha in the harvested stand versus 12.04 in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- Total Ne1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 22.50kg ha -1e1
- Qualifier
- 12.04kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total N and P contents were 22.50kg ha -1 and 2.48kg ha -1 for the harvested stand and 12.04kg ha -1 and 1.26kg ha -1 for the control stand, respectively”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total P content of seedlings was 2.48 kg/ha in the harvested stand versus 1.26 in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- P contentse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 2.48kg ha -1e1
- Qualifier
- 1.26kg ha -1e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total N and P contents were 22.50kg ha -1 and 2.48kg ha -1 for the harvested stand and 12.04kg ha -1 and 1.26kg ha -1 for the control stand, respectively”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of foliar N content to total N content was 58.9% in the harvested stand and 65.3% in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- ratio of N content of foliage to total N contente1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 58.9%e1
- Qualifier
- 65.3%e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ratio of N content of foliage to total N content was 58.9% in the harvested stand and 65.3% in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of foliar P content to total P content was 53.0% in the harvested stand and 55.1% in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- ratio of P content of foliage to total P contente1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 53.0%e1
- Qualifier
- 55.1%e1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ratio of P content of foliage to total P content was 53.0% in the harvested stand and 55.1% in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
LMA was higher in the harvested stand than in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvested stande1
- Outcome
- LMAe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LMA was higher in the harvested stand than in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The LMA of current-year foliage was lower than that of older foliage in both stands.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Organ / stage
- current-year foliagee1
- Outcome
- LMAe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- older foliagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The LMA of current-year foliage was lower than that of older foliage in both stands”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents were higher in the control stand.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contentse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in the control stande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents were higher in the control stand”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no significant differences in chlorophyll a/b ratios between the two stands and between foliage ages.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratiose1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were no significant differences in chlorophyll a/b ratios between the two stands and between foliage ages”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings showed increased LMA, decreased chlorophyll contents and increased biomass, resulting from improved light conditions following overstory harvesting.
- Taxon
- Korean PinePinus koraiensist0
- Treatment
- harvesting of the overstory deciduous foreste1
- Outcome
- increased LMA, decreased chlorophyll contents, and increased biomasse1
- Qualifier
- improved light conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Korean pine seedlings originating from seeds transported by red squirrels showed increased LMA, decreased chlorophyll contents, and increased biomass resulting from improved light conditions following the harvesting of the overstory deciduous forest”
t0“Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)”