Abstract
Wheat plants (Triticum durum Desf., cv. Regallo) were grown in the field to study the effects of contrasting [CO(2)] conditions (700 versus 370 μmol mol(-1)) on growth, photosynthetic performance, and C management during the post-anthesis period. The aim was to test whether a restricted capacity of sink organs to utilize photosynthates drives a loss of photosynthetic capacity in elevated CO(2). The ambient (13)C/(12)C isotopic composition (δ(13)C) of air CO(2) was changed from -10.2‰ in ambient [CO(2)] to -23.6‰ under elevated [CO(2)] between the 7th and the 14th days after anthesis in order to study C assimilation and partitioning between leaves and ears. Elevated [CO(2)] had no significant effect on biomass production and grain filling, and caused an accumulation of C compounds in leaves. This was accompanied by up-regulation of phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthase protein content, together with down-regulation of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase protein. Growth in elevated [CO(2)] negatively affected Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein content and induced photosynthetic down-regulation. CO(2) enrichment caused a specific decrease in Rubisco content, together with decreases in the amino acid and total N content of leaves. The C labelling revealed that in flag leaves, part of the C fixed during grain filling was stored as starch and structural C compounds whereas the rest of the labelled C (mainly in the form of soluble sugars) was completely respired 48 h after the end of labelling. Although labelled C was not detected in the δ(13)C of ear total organic matter and respired CO(2), soluble sugar δ(13)C revealed that a small amount of labelled C reached the ear. The (12)CO(2) labelling suggests that during the beginning of post-anthesis the ear did not contribute towards overcoming flag leaf carbohydrate accumulation, and this had a consequent effect on protein expression and photosynthetic acclimation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on wheat biomass production and grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- biomass production and grain fillinge0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO(2)] had no significant effect on biomass production and grain filling”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 accumulated carbon compounds in leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- C compounds in leavese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO(2)] had no significant effect on biomass production and grain filling, and caused an accumulation of C compounds in leaves”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 was accompanied by increased phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthase protein content.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthasee0
- Outcome
- phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthase protein contente0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was accompanied by up-regulation of phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthase protein content”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 was accompanied by decreased adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase protein.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatasee0
- Outcome
- adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase proteine0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase protein”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth in elevated CO2 reduced Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein content.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Gene
- Rubisco and Rubisco activasee0
- Outcome
- Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein contente0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in elevated [CO(2)] negatively affected Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein content”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth in elevated CO2 induced photosynthetic down-regulation.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic down-regulatione0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in elevated [CO(2)] negatively affected Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein content and induced photosynthetic down-regulation”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment decreased leaf amino acid and total nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CO(2) enrichmente0
- Outcome
- amino acid and total N content of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO(2) enrichment caused a specific decrease in Rubisco content, together with decreases in the amino acid and total N content of leaves”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Some carbon fixed during grain filling was stored in flag leaves as starch and structural carbon.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Outcome
- stored as starch and structural C compoundse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in flag leaves, part of the C fixed during grain filling was stored as starch and structural C compounds”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Remaining labelled carbon, mainly soluble sugars, was completely respired 48 hours after labelling.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- labelled C (mainly in the form of soluble sugars) was completely respirede0
- Value
- 48 he0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rest of the labelled C (mainly in the form of soluble sugars) was completely respired 48 h after the end of labelling”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Labelled carbon was not detected in ear total organic matter or respired CO2.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- labelled C was not detected in the δ(13)C of ear total organic matter and respired CO(2)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“labelled C was not detected in the δ(13)C of ear total organic matter and respired CO(2)”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar isotope composition showed that a small amount of labelled carbon reached the ear.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- eare0
- Outcome
- a small amount of labelled C reached the eare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble sugar δ(13)C revealed that a small amount of labelled C reached the ear”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Labelling suggests the ear did not overcome flag leaf carbohydrate accumulation at the beginning of post-anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- eare0
- Outcome
- flag leaf carbohydrate accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- beginning of post-anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the beginning of post-anthesis the ear did not contribute towards overcoming flag leaf carbohydrate accumulation, and this had a consequent effect on protein expression and photosynthetic acclimation”
t0“wheat plants”
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