Abstract
Carbohydrates influence survival and rooting of leafy rose stem cuttings. However, to what extent the anatomical changes occurring during rooting (e.g. callus formation) are related with changes or limitations in carbohydrates is not well described. Therefore, the anatomy and morphology of rooting and carbohydrate concentrations in cuttings were followed during the first 21 days of propagation. Single node leafy stem cuttings of Rosa hybrida Madelon ® were propagated in climate chamber (23-25oC, 85 Pmol m -2 s -1 , 16 h day -1 ) and subjected to two CO2 levels: ambient (~ 350ppm) and low (80-100 ppm). Callus formation, number and dry weight of roots and stem were measured. Cross and longitudinal sections of the most basal 1415mm of the stem (rooting zone) were made and carbohydrates were assayed by iodine staining and chromatography. Under ambient CO2 cambial activity was noticed by day 3 through proliferation of undifferentiated parenchyma cells (callus) between the cambium and the sclerenchyma, and at day 7 meristematic centers and root primordia were observed. Roots emerged and started elongating between days 11 and 14 in ambient CO2 and new xylem vessels were visible by day 14. Under low CO2 callus proliferation and rooting (number of roots formed) were delayed and strongly diminished. In ambient CO2 the stem tissues close to the basal callus showed weak staining of pith cells and medular rays, in contrast to the dark bluish staining observed for the remaining upper part of the stem. Carbohydrate extraction and chromatography analysis confirmed the heterogeneous accumulation of starch in the stem under ambient CO2 and showed that low CO2 drastically reduced starch concentrations most likely due to suppressed photosynthesis. We conclude that callus formation is a pre-requisite for root formation in rose cuttings and that carbohydrates have a major influence on callus proliferation that precedes root formation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Under ambient CO2, cambial activity and callus appeared by day 3.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®
Rosa hybrid cultivare1 - Organ / stage
- cambiume0
- Outcome
- cambial activitye0
- Setting
- ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under ambient CO2 cambial activity was noticed by day 3 through proliferation of undifferentiated parenchyma cells (callus) between the cambium and the sclerenchyma”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Meristematic centers and root primordia appeared by day 7.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Outcome
- meristematic centers and root primordiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at day 7 meristematic centers and root primordia were observed”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots emerged and elongated between days 11 and 14 under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Outcome
- Roots emerged and started elongatinge0
- Setting
- ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots emerged and started elongating between days 11 and 14 in ambient CO2”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
New xylem vessels were visible by day 14.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Outcome
- new xylem vessels were visiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“new xylem vessels were visible by day 14”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Low CO2 delayed and diminished callus proliferation.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- low CO2e0
- Outcome
- callus proliferatione0
- Direction
- delayed and strongly diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low CO2 callus proliferation and rooting (number of roots formed) were delayed and strongly diminished”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Low CO2 delayed and diminished the number of roots formed.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- low CO2e0
- Outcome
- rooting (number of roots formed)e0
- Direction
- delayed and strongly diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low CO2 callus proliferation and rooting (number of roots formed) were delayed and strongly diminished”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch staining was weaker near basal callus than in the upper stem under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Outcome
- weak staining of pith cells and medular rayse0
- Direction
- weak staininge0
- Comparator
- remaining upper part of the steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ambient CO2 the stem tissues close to the basal callus showed weak staining of pith cells and medular rays, in contrast to the dark bluish staining observed for the remaining upper part of the stem”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch accumulated heterogeneously in stems under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Outcome
- heterogeneous accumulation of starch in the steme0
- Setting
- ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmed the heterogeneous accumulation of starch in the stem under ambient CO2”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
Low CO2 drastically reduced stem starch concentrations.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Treatment
- low CO2e0
- Outcome
- starch concentrationse0
- Direction
- drastically reducede0
- Qualifier
- most likely due to suppressed photosynthesise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low CO2 drastically reduced starch concentrations most likely due to suppressed photosynthesis”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that callus formation is required for root formation.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Organ / stage
- callus formatione0
- Outcome
- root formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callus formation is a pre-requisite for root formation in rose cuttings”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that carbohydrates strongly influence callus proliferation before rooting.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida Madelon ®Rosa hybrid cultivare1
- Compound
- carbohydratese0
- Outcome
- callus proliferatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbohydrates have a major influence on callus proliferation that precedes root formation”
e1“Rosa hybrida Madelon ®”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Rosa hybrid cultivarPositive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.