Abstract
Tissue culture techniques enable mass propagation of elite cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The main limitations for date palm in vitro multiplication are the low rates achieved using solidified medium and the long period needed to produce acclimatized plantlets. This research focuses on the comparison between different culture types and plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations on callus growth and somatic embryo formation of cv. Zaghlool. For callus growth, 200 mg friable embryogenic callus dispensed in Rasotherm and Phytacon flasks containing 200 ml liquid (100 rotations per minute) and in temporary immersion system, RITA bioreactor (5 min immersion every 12 h), were compared with cultures grown on 200 ml solidified medium. For somatic embryo formation, 500 mg of friable embryogenic callus grown in Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 50 ml liquid or solid MS medium. The medium was supplemented with 0.1 mg l -1 Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.5 g l -1 activated charcoal (AC) with or without 0.05 mg l -1 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) compared to PGR-free medium. Results proved that cell suspension cultures produced the highest callus fresh mass as compared to the other systems tested, and the callus fresh mass reached 4 g after 16 weeks. The temporary immersion system did not significantly enhance the fresh mass of callus compared to the solidified medium. For somatic embryo induction, the number of somatic embryos increased in cell suspensions 6-16 fold compared to the solidified medium. Using liquid MS medium enriched with 0.1 mg l -1 NAA and 1.5 g l -1 AC gave rise to the highest number of somatic embryos formed from 500 mg initial callus: 160 embryos. The number of somatic embryos was also affected by the callus source. The calli induced from leaflet segments excised from converted somatic embryos resulted in a lower somatic embryo number than those of shoot tip origin with about 60 somatic embryos per 500 mg callus. The formation of somatic embryos using liquid medium required only 6 weeks, thus considerably reducing the previously reported period of 18 weeks which is required for somatic embryo formation using solidified media.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cell suspension cultures produced the highest callus fresh mass, reaching 4 g after 16 weeks.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Material
- Zaghloolt0
- Treatment
- cell suspension culturese0
- Outcome
- callus fresh masse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4 ge0
- Qualifier
- after 16 weekse0
- Comparator
- the other systems testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell suspension cultures produced the highest callus fresh mass as compared to the other systems tested, and the callus fresh mass reached 4 g after 16 weeks”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
Claim · model-written summary
Temporary immersion did not significantly enhance callus fresh mass compared with solidified medium.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- temporary immersion systeme0
- Outcome
- fresh mass of calluse0
- Direction
- did not significantly enhancee0
- Comparator
- solidified mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temporary immersion system did not significantly enhance the fresh mass of callus compared to the solidified medium”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell suspensions produced 6-16 fold more somatic embryos than solidified medium.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- cell suspensionse0
- Outcome
- number of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6-16 folde0
- Comparator
- solidified mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of somatic embryos increased in cell suspensions 6-16 fold compared to the solidified medium”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid MS medium with NAA and activated charcoal produced the highest embryo count, 160 from 500 mg callus.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- liquid MS medium enriched with 0.1 mg l -1 NAA and 1.5 g l -1 ACe0
- Outcome
- number of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 160 embryose0
- Qualifier
- 500 mg initial calluse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using liquid MS medium enriched with 0.1 mg l -1 NAA and 1.5 g l -1 AC gave rise to the highest number of somatic embryos formed from 500 mg initial callus: 160 embryos”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus from leaflet segments yielded fewer embryos than shoot tip callus, about 60 per 500 mg.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- leaflet segmentse0
- Outcome
- somatic embryo numbere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 60 somatic embryos per 500 mg calluse0
- Comparator
- shoot tip origine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calli induced from leaflet segments excised from converted somatic embryos resulted in a lower somatic embryo number than those of shoot tip origin with about 60 somatic embryos per 500 mg callus”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid medium shortened somatic embryo formation to 6 weeks versus 18 weeks on solidified media.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- liquid mediume0
- Outcome
- formation of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 6 weekse0
- Qualifier
- 18 weekse0
- Comparator
- solidified mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The formation of somatic embryos using liquid medium required only 6 weeks, thus considerably reducing the previously reported period of 18 weeks which is required for somatic embryo formation using solidified media”
t0“date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Zaghlool”
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