Abstract
Plants cope with inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiencies in their environment by adjusting their developmental programs and metabolic activities. For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the developmental responses include the inhibition of primary root growth and the enhanced formation of lateral roots and root hairs. Pi deficiency also inhibits photosynthesis by suppressing the expression of photosynthetic genes. Early studies showed that photosynthetic gene expression was also suppressed in Pi-deficient roots, a nonphotosynthetic organ; however, the biological relevance of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this work, we characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, hypersensitive to Pi starvation7 (hps7), that is hypersensitive to Pi deficiency; the hypersensitivity includes an increased inhibition of root growth. HPS7 encodes a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase. Accumulation of HPS7 proteins in root tips is enhanced by Pi deficiency. Comparative RNA sequencing analyses indicated that the expression of many photosynthetic genes is activated in roots of hps7. Under Pi deficiency, the expression of photosynthetic genes in hps7 is further increased, which leads to enhanced accumulation of chlorophyll, starch, and sucrose. Pi-deficient hps7 roots also produce a high level of reactive oxygen species. Previous research showed that the overexpression of GOLDEN-like (GLK) transcription factors in transgenic Arabidopsis activates photosynthesis in roots. The GLK overexpressing (GLK OX) lines also exhibit increased inhibition of root growth under Pi deficiency. The increased inhibition of root growth in hps7 and GLK OX lines by Pi deficiency was completely reversed by growing the plants in the dark. Based on these results, we propose that suppression of photosynthetic gene expression is required for sustained root growth under Pi deficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
hps7 shows stronger root growth inhibition under phosphate deficiency.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- hps7e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, we characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, hypersensitive to Pi starvation7 (hps7), that is hypersensitive to Pi deficiency; the hypersensitivity includes an increased inhibition of root growth.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
HPS7 encodes a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- HPS7e0
- Outcome
- encodes a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPS7 encodes a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate deficiency enhances HPS7 protein accumulation in root tips.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- HPS7e0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of HPS7 proteins in root tipse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- Pi deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of HPS7 proteins in root tips is enhanced by Pi deficiency.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic gene expression is activated in hps7 roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- hps7e0
- Outcome
- expression of many photosynthetic genese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of many photosynthetic genes is activated in roots of hps7.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under phosphate deficiency, photosynthetic gene expression rises further in hps7 roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- hps7e0
- Outcome
- expression of photosynthetic genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Pi deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under Pi deficiency, the expression of photosynthetic genes in hps7 is further increased”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under phosphate deficiency, hps7 roots accumulate more chlorophyll, starch, and sucrose.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- hps7e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of chlorophyll, starch, and sucrosee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under Pi deficiency, the expression of photosynthetic genes in hps7 is further increased, which leads to enhanced accumulation of chlorophyll, starch, and sucrose.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate deficient hps7 roots produce high reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- hps7e0
- Outcome
- high level of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Qualifier
- Pi-deficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pi-deficient hps7 roots also produce a high level of reactive oxygen species.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
GLK overexpressing lines have greater root growth inhibition under phosphate deficiency.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- GLK OXe0
- Gene
- GLKe0
- Outcome
- inhibition of root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Pi deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GLK overexpressing (GLK OX) lines also exhibit increased inhibition of root growth under Pi deficiency.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark growth completely reversed the increased root growth inhibition in hps7 and GLK OX lines.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- hps7 and GLK OX linese0
- Treatment
- growing the plants in the darke0
- Outcome
- increased inhibition of root growthe0
- Direction
- completely reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased inhibition of root growth in hps7 and GLK OX lines by Pi deficiency was completely reversed by growing the plants in the dark.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that suppressing photosynthetic genes sustains root growth under phosphate deficiency.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- sustained root growthe0
- Qualifier
- suppression of photosynthetic gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of photosynthetic gene expression is required for sustained root growth under Pi deficiency.”
t0“For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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