Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-) and is a major protein constituent of the C3 higher plant chloroplast where it is presumed to play a role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In this study, we have used both RNA antisense and gene knockout lines to specifically reduce the activity of the chloroplast betaCA1 polypeptide (At3g01500) in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although able to germinate, seedling establishment of transgenic plants is significantly reduced relative to wild-type plants when grown at ambient levels of CO2. Growth at elevated (1,500 microL L(-1)) CO2 or on plates supplemented with sucrose restores seedling establishment rates to wild-type levels. Seed from wild-type and transgenic plants exhibited no significant differences in seed protein, lipid content, or reserve mobilization during seedling growth. betaCA1-deficient seedlings do, however, exhibit reduced capacity for light-dependent 14CO2 assimilation prior to the development of true leaves. The small number of surviving seedlings able to grow and develop are phenotypically similar to wild-type plants, even when subsequently grown at subambient levels of CO2. Microarray analysis of mature leaves of betaCA1-deficient plants shows some differences in transcript abundance, particularly with genes involved in ethylene signaling and response. The data suggest that reduced levels of seedling establishment by betaCA1-deficient plants could be the result of poor cotyledon photosynthetic performance at the onset of phototrophic growth and prior to the development of true leaves.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
betaCA1 deficient Arabidopsis seedlings germinated.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- able to germinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although able to germinate”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
betaCA1 deficient Arabidopsis plants had significantly reduced seedling establishment at ambient CO2 compared with wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
- Setting
- ambient levels of CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling establishment of transgenic plants is significantly reduced relative to wild-type plants when grown at ambient levels of CO2”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 restored seedling establishment to wild-type levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- elevated (1,500 microL L(-1)) CO2e0
- Outcome
- seedling establishment ratese0
- Direction
- restorese0
- Comparator
- wild-type levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth at elevated (1,500 microL L(-1)) CO2 or on plates supplemented with sucrose restores seedling establishment rates to wild-type levels.”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose supplemented plates restored seedling establishment to wild-type levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- plates supplemented with sucrosee0
- Outcome
- seedling establishment ratese0
- Direction
- restorese0
- Comparator
- wild-type levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on plates supplemented with sucrose restores seedling establishment rates to wild-type levels”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein and lipid content did not significantly differ between wild-type and transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- Seede0
- Outcome
- seed protein, lipid contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- wild-type and transgenic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed from wild-type and transgenic plants exhibited no significant differences in seed protein, lipid content”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Reserve mobilization during seedling growth did not significantly differ between wild-type and transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- reserve mobilization during seedling growthe0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- wild-type and transgenic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed from wild-type and transgenic plants exhibited no significant differences in seed protein, lipid content, or reserve mobilization during seedling growth.”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
betaCA1 deficient seedlings had reduced light dependent 14CO2 assimilation before true leaf development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- betaCA1-deficient seedlingse0
- Organ / stage
- true leavese0
- Gene
- betaCA1e0
- Outcome
- capacity for light-dependent 14CO2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“betaCA1-deficient seedlings do, however, exhibit reduced capacity for light-dependent 14CO2 assimilation prior to the development of true leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Surviving betaCA1 deficient seedlings were phenotypically similar to wild type, including after subambient CO2 growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- phenotypically similare0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
- Setting
- subambient levels of CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The small number of surviving seedlings able to grow and develop are phenotypically similar to wild-type plants, even when subsequently grown at subambient levels of CO2.”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature leaves of betaCA1 deficient plants showed transcript abundance differences, particularly in ethylene signaling and response genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- betaCA1-deficient plantse0
- Organ / stage
- mature leavese0
- Gene
- genes involved in ethylene signaling and responsee0
- Outcome
- differences in transcript abundancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microarray analysis of mature leaves of betaCA1-deficient plants shows some differences in transcript abundance, particularly with genes involved in ethylene signaling and response.”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor cotyledon photosynthesis may explain reduced establishment of betaCA1 deficient seedlings.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledone0
- Gene
- betaCA1e0
- Outcome
- reduced levels of seedling establishmente0
- Qualifier
- poor cotyledon photosynthetic performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced levels of seedling establishment by betaCA1-deficient plants could be the result of poor cotyledon photosynthetic performance at the onset of phototrophic growth and prior to the development of true leaves”
t0“Arabidopsis Seedling Survivorship”