Abstract
The tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and tonoplast H(+) pumps are essential components of salt tolerance in plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the transport activity of the tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and the tonoplast V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase in a highly tolerant salt-accumulating halophyte, Salicornia dolichostachya, and to compare these transport activities with activities in the related glycophyte Spinacia oleracea. Vacuolar membrane vesicles were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and the proton transport and hydrolytic activity of both H(+) pumps were studied. Furthermore, the Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacity of the vesicles was investigated by 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine fluorescence. Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in vesicles derived from S. oleracea, whereas V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in S. dolichostachya was not affected by salt treatment. Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacity followed the same pattern, i.e. induced in response to salt treatment (0 and 200 mM NaCl) in S. oleracea and not influenced by salt treatment (10 and 200 mM NaCl) in S. dolichostachya. Our results suggest that S. dolichostachya already generates a high tonoplast H(+) gradient at low external salinities, which is likely to contribute to the high cellular salt accumulation of this species at low external salinities. At high external salinities, S. dolichostachya showed improved growth compared with S. oleracea, but V-H(+)-ATPase, V-H(+)-PPase and Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activities were comparable between the species, which might imply that S. dolichostachya more efficiently retains Na(+) in the vacuole.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase activity in spinach vesicles.
- Taxon
- S. oleracea
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- V-H(+)-ATPasee0
- Outcome
- V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in vesicles derived from S. oleracea, whereas V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in S. dolichostachya was not affected by salt treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-PPase activity in spinach vesicles.
- Taxon
- S. oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- V-H(+)-PPasee0
- Outcome
- V-H(+)-PPase activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in vesicles derived from S. oleracea, whereas V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in S. dolichostachya was not affected by salt treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment did not affect V-H(+)-ATPase activity in Salicornia vesicles.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachya
.jpg?width=60)
Salicornia dolichostachyae0 - Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- V-H(+)-ATPasee0
- Outcome
- V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in vesicles derived from S. oleracea, whereas V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in S. dolichostachya was not affected by salt treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment did not affect V-H(+)-PPase activity in Salicornia vesicles.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- V-H(+)-PPasee0
- Outcome
- V-H(+)-PPase activitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment induced V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in vesicles derived from S. oleracea, whereas V-H(+)-ATPase and V-H(+)-PPase activity in S. dolichostachya was not affected by salt treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt induced tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) exchange capacity in spinach.
- Taxon
- S. oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- salt treatment (0 and 200 mM NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacity followed the same pattern, i.e. induced in response to salt treatment (0 and 200 mM NaCl) in S. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt did not influence tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) exchange capacity in Salicornia.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae0
- Treatment
- salt treatment (10 and 200 mM NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacitye0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na(+)/H(+)-exchange capacity followed the same pattern, i.e. induced in response to salt treatment (0 and 200 mM NaCl) in S. oleracea and not influenced by salt treatment (10 and 200 mM NaCl) in S. dolichostachya.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicornia apparently generates a high tonoplast proton gradient at low external salinity.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae0
- Outcome
- high cellular salt accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- high tonoplast H(+) gradient at low external salinitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. dolichostachya already generates a high tonoplast H(+) gradient at low external salinities, which is likely to contribute to the high cellular salt accumulation of this species at low external salinities.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high external salinity Salicornia grew better than spinach.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- high external salinitiese0
- Comparator
- S. oleraceae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high external salinities, S. dolichostachya showed improved growth compared with S. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
At high external salinity tonoplast pump and sodium exchange activities were comparable between Salicornia and spinach.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae1
- Outcome
- V-H(+)-ATPase, V-H(+)-PPase and Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activitiese0
- Direction
- comparablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V-H(+)-ATPase, V-H(+)-PPase and Na(+)/H(+)-exchange activities were comparable between the species”
e1“At high external salinities, S. dolichostachya”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicornia may retain vacuolar sodium more efficiently than spinach.
- Taxon
- S. dolichostachyaSalicornia dolichostachyae0
- Outcome
- retains Na(+) in the vacuolee0
- Direction
- more efficientlye0
- Qualifier
- might implye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which might imply that S. dolichostachya more efficiently retains Na(+) in the vacuole.”