Abstract
This study examined nickel (Ni) concentrations in Swedish soils and cereal grains and how soil properties and different fertilization regimes affect Ni uptake by plants. Analysis of data from the Swedish environmental monitoring program on arable land showed that Ni concentrations in soils were significantly correlated with clay contents (R2 = 0.55; p < 0.001), while the correlation with organic matter content was weak, although significant (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.001). Concentrations of Ni in grains were positively correlated with the concentrations of total Ni in soil (R2 = 0.13; p < 0.001), negatively correlated with soil pH values (R2 = 0.14; p < 0.001), and multiple regression including Ni in soil and soil pH improved the correlation (R2 = 0.34). Therefore, analysis of total Ni concentrations in soils together with pH values can provide some guidance on where low Ni concentrations in crops are most likely to occur. Data from long-term field trials showed that Ni concentrations in wheat grain did not increase significantly after long-term application of cattle manure or sewage sludge compared with mineral fertilized or unfertilized treatments. Differences detected were attributed to pH changes in soil and differences in yields. It was found that Ni in organic amendments was not easily available for crop uptake. Application of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) decreased Ni concentrations in wheat grain compared with the unfertilized treatment, probably due to dilution in high-yielding crops. Concentrations in grains were low, and mean concentrations were 0.18, 0.07, and 1.20 for winter wheat, spring barley, and oats, respectively. For barley, this implies that 77% of the samples from the monitoring program had Ni concentrations below a proposed critical concentration for optimal germination (0.09 mg kg−1). Nickel shortage can be an overlooked problem in Swedish seed production that needs further attention.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ni concentrations in Swedish soils were significantly correlated with clay content.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e0“Analysis of data from the Swedish environmental monitoring program on arable land showed that Ni concentrations in soils were significantly correlated with clay contents (R2 = 0.55; p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlation between Ni concentrations in soils and organic matter content was weak.
- Taxon
- cereal graint0
- Treatment
- organic matter contente1
- Outcome
- Ni concentrations in soilse0
- Value
- R2 = 0.02e1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e0“Analysis of data from the Swedish environmental monitoring program on arable land showed that Ni concentrations in soils were significantly correlated with clay contents (R2 = 0.55; p < 0.001)”
e1“the correlation with organic matter content was weak, although significant (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of Ni in grains were positively correlated with total Ni in soil.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e2“Concentrations of Ni in grains were positively correlated with the concentrations of total Ni in soil (R2 = 0.13; p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of Ni in grains were negatively correlated with soil pH.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e2“Concentrations of Ni in grains were positively correlated with the concentrations of total Ni in soil (R2 = 0.13; p < 0.001)”
e3“negatively correlated with soil pH values (R2 = 0.14; p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple regression with soil Ni and soil pH improved the correlation with grain Ni.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e4“multiple regression including Ni in soil and soil pH improved the correlation (R2 = 0.34)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil Ni together with pH can indicate where low Ni concentrations in crops are most likely to occur.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e5“analysis of total Ni concentrations in soils together with pH values can provide some guidance on where low Ni concentrations in crops are most likely to occur”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term application of cattle manure or sewage sludge did not significantly increase Ni concentrations in wheat grain compared with mineral fertilized or unfertilized treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume6 - Treatment
- long-term application of cattle manure or sewage sludgee6
- Outcome
- Ni concentrations in wheat graine6
- Direction
- did not increasee6
- Comparator
- mineral fertilized or unfertilized treatmentse6
- Setting
- long-term field trialse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e6“Data from long-term field trials showed that Ni concentrations in wheat grain did not increase significantly after long-term application of cattle manure or sewage sludge compared with mineral fertilized or unfertilized treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in grain Ni between treatments were attributed to soil pH changes and yield differences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- Differences detectede7
- Qualifier
- pH changes in soil and differences in yieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e6“Data from long-term field trials showed that Ni concentrations in wheat grain did not increase significantly after long-term application of cattle manure or sewage sludge compared with mineral fertilized or unfertilized treatments”
e7“Differences detected were attributed to pH changes in soil and differences in yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni in organic amendments was not easily available for crop uptake.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“It was found that Ni in organic amendments was not easily available for crop uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic NPK fertilizer decreased Ni concentrations in wheat grain compared with the unfertilized treatment, probably due to dilution in high-yielding crops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizer (NPK)e1
- Outcome
- Ni concentrations in wheat graine1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- probably due to dilution in high-yielding cropse1
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“Application of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) decreased Ni concentrations in wheat grain compared with the unfertilized treatment, probably due to dilution in high-yielding crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain Ni concentration in winter wheat was 0.18.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- mean concentrationse1
- Value
- 0.18e1
- Qualifier
- Concentrations in grains were lowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“mean concentrations were 0.18, 0.07, and 1.20 for winter wheat, spring barley, and oats, respectively”
e2“Concentrations in grains were low”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain Ni concentration in spring barley was 0.07.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Outcome
- mean concentrationse1
- Value
- 0.07e1
- Qualifier
- Concentrations in grains were lowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“mean concentrations were 0.18, 0.07, and 1.20 for winter wheat, spring barley, and oats, respectively”
e2“Concentrations in grains were low”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain Ni concentration in oats was 1.20.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae1 - Outcome
- mean concentrationse1
- Value
- 1.20e1
- Qualifier
- Concentrations in grains were lowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“mean concentrations were 0.18, 0.07, and 1.20 for winter wheat, spring barley, and oats, respectively”
e2“Concentrations in grains were low”
Claim · model-written summary
About 77% of barley samples from the monitoring program had Ni concentrations below a proposed critical concentration for optimal germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Ni concentrationse1
- Direction
- belowe1
- Value
- 77%e1
- Qualifier
- a proposed critical concentration for optimal germination (0.09 mg kg−1)e1
- Setting
- the monitoring programe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“For barley, this implies that 77% of the samples from the monitoring program had Ni concentrations below a proposed critical concentration for optimal germination (0.09 mg kg−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel shortage can be an overlooked problem in Swedish seed production that needs further attention.
Verbatim
t0“Nickel in Swedish soils and cereal grain”
e1“Nickel shortage can be an overlooked problem in Swedish seed production that needs further attention”
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