Abstract
Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.), salt-tolerant kabuli (CSG 9651) and salt-sensitive desi (DCP 92-3), were raised under control (distilled water) and salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1}) conditions. Salt treatments were applied once symbiosis was well established (i.e. 15 days after sowing [DAS]) and continued until the last sampling stage (i.e. 70 DAS). The experiments were terminated 70 DAS and the plants were analyzed 40 and 70 DAS. Salt stress decreased the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), leaf chlorophyll (CHL), plant biomass, and grain yield, and increased total soluble sugars in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS). Salinity-induced declines in RWC, MSI, CHL, biomass, and grain yield were significantly greater in desi DCP 92-3 than in Kabuli CSG 9651. DCP 92-3 also had higher accumulation of Na^+ in the roots as well its translocation into shoots, which had a negative impact on the K^+/Na^+ ratio. Results indicate that the salinity tolerance of kabuli CSG 9651, as manifested by less of a decrease in biomass and grain yield, was associated with higher membrane permeability, osmolyte concentration, and potassium content, and lower sodium content, as compared to salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3. It is apparent that the salt-tolerant cultivar had better protection against salt-induced stress as a result of the cumulative action of various physiological and biochemical processes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased relative water content, membrane stability index and leaf chlorophyll in both chickpea cultivars at both sampling stages.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Organ / stage
- Seedlingse0
- Treatment
- salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1})e1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), leaf chlorophyll (CHL)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)e3
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“raised under control (distilled water) and salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1}) conditions”
e2“Salt stress decreased the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), leaf chlorophyll (CHL)”
e3“in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased plant biomass and grain yield in both chickpea cultivars at both sampling stages.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- Seedlingse0
- Treatment
- salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1})e1
- Outcome
- plant biomass, and grain yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)e3
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“raised under control (distilled water) and salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1}) conditions”
e3“in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)”
e4“Salt stress decreased the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), leaf chlorophyll (CHL), plant biomass, and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased total soluble sugars in both chickpea cultivars at both sampling stages.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1})e1
- Outcome
- total soluble sugarse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)e3
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“raised under control (distilled water) and salinity (EC = 4, 6, and 8 dS m^{-1}) conditions”
e3“in both cultivars at both stages (40 and 70 DAS)”
e5“increased total soluble sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-induced declines in relative water content, membrane stability index and leaf chlorophyll were significantly greater in desi DCP 92-3 than in kabuli CSG 9651.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- desi DCP 92-3e6
- Outcome
- declines in RWC, MSI, CHLe6
- Direction
- significantly greatere6
- Comparator
- Kabuli CSG 9651e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“Salinity-induced declines in RWC, MSI, CHL, biomass, and grain yield were significantly greater in desi DCP 92-3 than in Kabuli CSG 9651”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-induced declines in biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in desi DCP 92-3 than in kabuli CSG 9651.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- desi DCP 92-3e6
- Outcome
- biomass, and grain yielde6
- Direction
- significantly greatere6
- Comparator
- Kabuli CSG 9651e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“Salinity-induced declines in RWC, MSI, CHL, biomass, and grain yield were significantly greater in desi DCP 92-3 than in Kabuli CSG 9651”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi DCP 92-3 had higher Na+ accumulation in the roots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- DCP 92-3e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- accumulation of Na^+ in the rootse1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“DCP 92-3 also had higher accumulation of Na^+ in the roots as well its translocation into shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi DCP 92-3 had higher Na+ translocation into shoots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- DCP 92-3e1
- Outcome
- translocation into shootse1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“DCP 92-3 also had higher accumulation of Na^+ in the roots as well its translocation into shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher Na+ translocation of desi DCP 92-3 had a negative impact on its K+/Na+ ratio.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- DCP 92-3e1
- Outcome
- K^+/Na^+ ratioe2
- Direction
- negative impacte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“DCP 92-3 also had higher accumulation of Na^+ in the roots as well its translocation into shoots”
e2“which had a negative impact on the K^+/Na^+ ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance of kabuli CSG 9651 was associated with higher membrane permeability, osmolyte concentration and potassium content than in salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- kabuli CSG 9651e2
- Outcome
- membrane permeability, osmolyte concentration, and potassium contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“associated with higher membrane permeability, osmolyte concentration, and potassium content”
e2“the salinity tolerance of kabuli CSG 9651”
e3“as compared to salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance of kabuli CSG 9651 was associated with lower sodium content than in salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- kabuli CSG 9651e1
- Outcome
- sodium contente2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the salinity tolerance of kabuli CSG 9651”
e2“lower sodium content, as compared to salt-sensitive desi DCP 92-3”
Claim · model-written summary
The salt-tolerant chickpea cultivar had better protection against salt-induced stress through the cumulative action of various physiological and biochemical processes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- better protection against salt-induced stresse1
- Qualifier
- cumulative action of various physiological and biochemical processese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 2 chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“It is apparent that the salt-tolerant cultivar had better protection against salt-induced stress as a result of the cumulative action of various physiological and biochemical processes”
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