Abstract
BACKGROUND: Three phenolic compounds are capable of activating the process that simultaneously leads to temperature rise and odor-production in the Sauromatum appendix. These compounds are salicylic acid, aspirin, and 2,6 dihydroxybenzoic acid. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of various concentrations of the these inducers on the temperature rise and to study the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors (KCN and SHAM) and an uncoupler (DNP) on the temperature rise. RESULTS: In sections of the Sauromatum appendix two successive temperature rate maxima were detected in the presence of the three inducers. Two temperature maxima were also detected in appendices of intact inflorescences. The temperature profiles demonstrated a considerable variability within sections of one appendix in both magnitude and time of reaching a peak. When the Sauromatum temperature decreased it returned either to the same temperature baseline or to a slightly different baseline. The temperature rise was blocked by KCN (20 mM) and SHAM (40 mM) alone or when added together. DNP, an uncoupler, at 2.5 mM also blocked the rise in temperature. The thermogenic inducers also triggered a temperature rise in Arum appendix. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of two rate maxima may indicate different heat-generating sources. The blockage of the temperature rise in the presence of KCN or SHAM implies that the activity of the cyanide-resistant and -sensitive pathways is required for generating heat. The variability in temperature profiles maybe related to changes in cellular control factors. This study provides the basis for investigating thermoregulation in plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sauromatum appendix sections showed two successive temperature rate maxima with three inducers.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatum
.jpg?width=60)
Sauromatum venosumt0 - Organ / stage
- appendixe0
- Treatment
- three inducerse0
- Outcome
- temperature rate maximae0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In sections of the Sauromatum appendix two successive temperature rate maxima were detected in the presence of the three inducers”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Intact Sauromatum inflorescences also showed two appendix temperature maxima.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Organ / stage
- appendices of intact inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- temperature maximae0
- Value
- Twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two temperature maxima were also detected in appendices of intact inflorescences”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature profiles varied considerably among sections of one Sauromatum appendix in magnitude and peak time.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Organ / stage
- appendixe0
- Outcome
- considerable variability within sections of one appendix in both magnitude and time of reaching a peake0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature profiles demonstrated a considerable variability within sections of one appendix in both magnitude and time of reaching a peak”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
After cooling, Sauromatum temperature returned either to its prior baseline or to a slightly different one.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum
Sauromatume0 - Outcome
- returned either to the same temperature baseline or to a slightly different baselinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the Sauromatum temperature decreased it returned either to the same temperature baseline or to a slightly different baseline”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN at 20 mM blocked the temperature rise.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Treatment
- KCN (20 mM)e0
- Outcome
- temperature risee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature rise was blocked by KCN (20 mM) and SHAM (40 mM) alone or when added together”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
SHAM at 40 mM blocked the temperature rise.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Treatment
- SHAM (40 mM)e0
- Outcome
- temperature risee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature rise was blocked by KCN (20 mM) and SHAM (40 mM) alone or when added together”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN and SHAM together blocked the temperature rise.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Treatment
- KCN (20 mM) and SHAM (40 mM)e0
- Outcome
- temperature risee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The temperature rise was blocked by KCN (20 mM) and SHAM (40 mM) alone or when added together”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
DNP at 2.5 mM blocked the temperature rise.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Treatment
- DNP, an uncoupler, at 2.5 mMe0
- Outcome
- rise in temperaturee0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DNP, an uncoupler, at 2.5 mM also blocked the rise in temperature”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermogenic inducers triggered an appendix temperature rise in Arum.
ArumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thermogenic inducers also triggered a temperature rise in Arum appendix”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that both cyanide resistant and sensitive pathways are required for heat generation.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Outcome
- generating heate0
- Qualifier
- activity of the cyanide-resistant and -sensitive pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The blockage of the temperature rise in the presence of KCN or SHAM implies that the activity of the cyanide-resistant and -sensitive pathways is required for generating heat”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest two temperature rate maxima may indicate different heat generating sources.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Outcome
- different heat-generating sourcese0
- Qualifier
- presence of two rate maximae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of two rate maxima may indicate different heat-generating sources”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest variation in temperature profiles may relate to cellular control factors.
- Taxon
- Sauromatum guttatumSauromatum venosumt0
- Outcome
- variability in temperature profilese0
- Qualifier
- changes in cellular control factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The variability in temperature profiles maybe related to changes in cellular control factors”
t0“Sauromatum guttatum”