Abstract
A study was done to determine the macro- and micronutrient requirements of young northern highbush blueberry plants ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Bluecrop’) during the first 2 years of establishment and to examine how these requirements were affected by the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied. The plants were spaced 1.2 × 3.0 m apart and fertilized with 0, 50, or 100 kg·ha −1 of N, 35 kg·ha −1 of phosphorus (P), and 66 kg·ha −1 of potassium (K) each spring. A light fruit crop was harvested during the second year after planting. Plants were excavated and parts sampled for complete nutrient analysis at six key stages of development, from leaf budbreak after planting to fruit harvest the next year. The concentration of several nutrients in the leaves, including N, P, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn), increased with N fertilizer application, whereas leaf boron (B) concentration decreased. In most cases, the concentration of nutrients was within or above the range considered normal for mature blueberry plants, although leaf N was below normal in plants grown without fertilizer in Year 1, and leaf B was below normal in plants fertilized with 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 N in Year 2. Plants fertilized with 50 kg·ha −1 N were largest, producing 22% to 32% more dry weight (DW) the first season and 78% to 90% more DW the second season than unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg·ha −1 N. Most DW accumulated in new shoots, leaves, and roots in both years as well as in fruit the second year. New shoot and leaf DW was much greater each year when plants were fertilized with 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 N, whereas root DW was only greater at fruit harvest and only when 50 kg·ha −1 N was applied. Application of 50 kg·ha −1 N also increased DW of woody stems by fruit harvest, but neither 50 nor 100 kg·ha −1 N had a significant effect on crown, flower, or fruit DW. Depending on treatment, plants lost 16% to 29% of total biomass at leaf abscission, 3% to 16% when pruned in winter, and 13% to 32% at fruit harvest. The content of most nutrients in the plant followed the same patterns of accumulation and loss as plant DW. However, unlike DW, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content in new shoots and leaves was similar among N treatments the first year, and N fertilizer increased N and S content in woody stems much earlier than it increased biomass of the stems. Likewise, N, P, S, and Zn content in the crown were greater at times when N fertilizer was applied, whereas K and Ca content were sometimes lower. Overall, plants fertilized with 50 kg·ha −1 N produced the most growth and, from planting to first fruit harvest, required 34.8 kg·ha −1 N, 2.3 kg·ha −1 P, 12.5 kg·ha −1 K, 8.4 kg·ha −1 Ca, 3.8 kg·ha −1 Mg, 5.9 kg·ha −1 S, 295 g·ha −1 Fe, 40 g·ha −1 B, 23 g·ha −1 copper (Cu), 1273 g·ha −1 Mn, and 65 g·ha −1 Zn. Thus, of the total amount of fertilizer applied over 2 years, only 21% of the N, 3% of the P, and 9% of the K were used by plants during establishment.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N, P, Ca, S and Mn concentrations rose with N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Highbush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Treatment
- N fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of several nutrients in the leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of several nutrients in the leaves, including N, P, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn), increased with N fertilizer application”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf boron concentration fell with N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Fertilizert0
- Outcome
- leaf boron (B) concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas leaf boron (B) concentration decreased”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N was below normal without fertilizer in year one.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- without fertilizere0
- Outcome
- leaf Ne0
- Direction
- below normale0
- Qualifier
- Year 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf N was below normal in plants grown without fertilizer in Year 1”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf B was below normal at 50 or 100 kg N in year two.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- leaf Be0
- Direction
- below normale0
- Qualifier
- Year 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf B was below normal in plants fertilized with 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 N in Year 2”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 kg N, first-season dry weight was 22% to 32% greater than at zero or 100 kg N.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 22% to 32%e0
- Qualifier
- the first seasone0
- Comparator
- unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg·ha −1 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants fertilized with 50 kg·ha −1 N were largest, producing 22% to 32% more dry weight (DW) the first season and 78% to 90% more DW the second season than unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg·ha −1 N”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 kg N, second-season dry weight was 78% to 90% greater than at zero or 100 kg N.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- DWe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 78% to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- the second seasone0
- Comparator
- unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg·ha −1 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants fertilized with 50 kg·ha −1 N were largest, producing 22% to 32% more dry weight (DW) the first season and 78% to 90% more DW the second season than unfertilized plants or plants fertilized with 100 kg·ha −1 N”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Most dry weight accumulated in shoots, leaves and roots, plus fruit in year two.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- new shoots, leaves, and rootse0
- Outcome
- DWe0
- Qualifier
- fruit the second yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most DW accumulated in new shoots, leaves, and roots in both years as well as in fruit the second year”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and leaf dry weight was greater with 50 or 100 kg N.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- New shoot and leaf DWe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New shoot and leaf DW was much greater each year when plants were fertilized with 50 or 100 kg·ha −1 N”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight was greater only at harvest with 50 kg N.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- root DWe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- at fruit harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root DW was only greater at fruit harvest and only when 50 kg·ha −1 N was applied”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg N increased woody stem dry weight at fruit harvest.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- DW of woody stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 50 kg·ha −1 N also increased DW of woody stems by fruit harvest”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither N dose significantly changed crown, flower or fruit dry weight.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- 50 nor 100 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- crown, flower, or fruit DWe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither 50 nor 100 kg·ha −1 N had a significant effect on crown, flower, or fruit DW”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants lost 16% to 29% biomass at leaf abscission.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf abscissione0
- Outcome
- total biomasse0
- Direction
- loste0
- Value
- 16% to 29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants lost 16% to 29% of total biomass at leaf abscission”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants lost 3% to 16% biomass through winter pruning.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Value
- 3% to 16%e0
- Qualifier
- pruned in wintere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3% to 16% when pruned in winter”
e1“plants lost 16% to 29% of total biomass at leaf abscission”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants lost 13% to 32% biomass at fruit harvest.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Value
- 13% to 32%e0
- Qualifier
- fruit harveste0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13% to 32% at fruit harvest”
e1“plants lost 16% to 29% of total biomass at leaf abscission”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant nutrient content generally followed dry weight accumulation and loss.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- content of most nutrientse0
- Comparator
- plant DWe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of most nutrients in the plant followed the same patterns of accumulation and loss as plant DW”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year shoot and leaf Mg, Fe and Zn content was similar among N treatments.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) contente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- among N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) content in new shoots and leaves was similar among N treatments the first year”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization increased stem N and S before stem biomass increased.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N and S content in woody stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- much earlier than it increased biomass of the stemse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer increased N and S content in woody stems much earlier than it increased biomass of the stems”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Crown N, P, S and Zn were sometimes greater with N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N, P, S, and Zn content in the crowne0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, S, and Zn content in the crown were greater at times when N fertilizer was applied”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Crown K and Ca were sometimes lower with N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Fertilizert0
- Outcome
- K and Ca contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas K and Ca content were sometimes lower”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 kg N, establishment required the listed amounts of eleven nutrients, and only small fractions of applied N, P and K were used.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- requirede0
- Value
- 34.8 kg·ha −1 Ne0
- Qualifier
- 2.3 kg·ha −1 P, 12.5 kg·ha −1 K, 8.4 kg·ha −1 Ca, 3.8 kg·ha −1 Mg, 5.9 kg·ha −1 S, 295 g·ha −1 Fe, 40 g·ha −1 B, 23 g·ha −1 copper (Cu), 1273 g·ha −1 Mn, and 65 g·ha −1 Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“required 34.8 kg·ha −1 N, 2.3 kg·ha −1 P, 12.5 kg·ha −1 K, 8.4 kg·ha −1 Ca, 3.8 kg·ha −1 Mg, 5.9 kg·ha −1 S, 295 g·ha −1 Fe, 40 g·ha −1 B, 23 g·ha −1 copper (Cu), 1273 g·ha −1 Mn, and 65 g·ha −1 Zn”
t0“Response of Highbush Blueberry to Nitrogen Fertilizer during Field Establishment—II. Plant Nutrient Requirements in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.