Abstract
To test the hypothesis that leaf surface wax influences plant responses to UV‐B, 6 lines of cultivated pea ( Pisum sativum L.), selected as having more or less wax, were grown at 0 or 6.5 kJ m ‐2 day ‐1 plant‐weighted UV‐B against a background of 850–950 μmol m ‐2 s ‐1 photosynthetically active radiation. In the 4 lines with least leaf surface wax the amount of wax on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces was increased following exposure to 6.5 kJ m ‐2 day ‐1 UV‐B, but UV‐B decreased surface wax in Scout, which had the greatest wax deposits. On the adaxial leaf surface, UV‐B radiation caused a shift in wax composition from alcohols to esters and hydrocarbons and the ratio of short to long chain length alkyl ester homologues was increased. There was no evidence of a shortening in carbon chain length of hydrocarbons, primary alcohols or fatty acids due to UV‐B and no significant correlation between wax amount and UV reflectance from leaves. UV‐B induced significant increases in UV‐absorbing compounds in the expanded leaves and buds of most lines. UV‐B reduced the growth of all lines. Foliage area (leaves plus stipules) declined by 5–30%, plant dry weight by 12–30%, and plant height by 24–38%. Reductions in growth occurred in the absence of any changes in chlorophyll fluorescence or photosynthetic rate. UV‐B also had no major effect on carbon allocation patterns. The effects of UV‐B on growth appeared to be due to changes in tissue extension and expansion. Indeed, many of the responses to UV‐B observed in this study of pea appear more consistent with indirect effects being expressed in developing tissues rather than through the direct action of UV‐B on mature tissues. There was no evidence that wax amount or biochemistry was associated with the sensitivity of the lines to UV‐B radiation. Furthermore, induction of pigments was not correlated with changes in growth. However, lines with the greatest constitutive amounts of pigments in unexpanded bud tissues were most tolerant of elevated UV‐B.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased leaf wax on both surfaces in the four least waxy lines.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Material
- 4 lines with least leaf surface waxe0
- Treatment
- 6.5 kJ m ‐2 day ‐1 UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- amount of wax on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfacese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the 4 lines with least leaf surface wax the amount of wax on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces was increased following exposure to 6.5 kJ m ‐2 day ‐1 UV‐B”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased surface wax in Scout.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B decreased surface wax in Scout, which had the greatest wax deposits”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B shifted adaxial wax composition from alcohols to esters and hydrocarbons.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- adaxial leaf surfacee0
- Treatment
- UV‐B radiatione0
- Outcome
- wax compositione0
- Direction
- shifte0
- Comparator
- alcoholse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the adaxial leaf surface, UV‐B radiation caused a shift in wax composition from alcohols to esters and hydrocarbons”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased the ratio of short to long alkyl ester homologues.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet‐B radiationt0
- Outcome
- ratio of short to long chain length alkyl ester homologuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ratio of short to long chain length alkyl ester homologues was increased”
t0“ultraviolet‐B radiation (280–315 nm) of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not shorten carbon chain length of hydrocarbons, primary alcohols or fatty acids.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- carbon chain length of hydrocarbons, primary alcohols or fatty acidse0
- Direction
- no evidence of a shorteninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of a shortening in carbon chain length of hydrocarbons, primary alcohols or fatty acids due to UV‐B”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Wax amount was not significantly correlated with leaf UV reflectance.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Compound
- waxe0
- Outcome
- UV reflectance from leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant correlation between wax amount and UV reflectance from leaves”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B significantly increased UV-absorbing compounds in expanded leaves and buds of most lines.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- expanded leaves and budse0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- UV‐absorbing compoundse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- most linese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B induced significant increases in UV‐absorbing compounds in the expanded leaves and buds of most lines”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced foliage area by 5–30%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet‐B radiationt0
- Outcome
- Foliage areae0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 5–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage area (leaves plus stipules) declined by 5–30%”
t0“ultraviolet‐B radiation (280–315 nm) of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced plant dry weight by 12–30%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet‐B radiationt0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 12–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant dry weight by 12–30%”
t0“ultraviolet‐B radiation (280–315 nm) of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced plant height by 24–38%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet‐B radiationt0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 24–38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height by 24–38%”
t0“ultraviolet‐B radiation (280–315 nm) of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth reductions occurred without change in chlorophyll fluorescence or photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet‐B radiationt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence or photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- absence of any changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in growth occurred in the absence of any changes in chlorophyll fluorescence or photosynthetic rate”
t0“ultraviolet‐B radiation (280–315 nm) of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B had no major effect on carbon allocation patterns.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- carbon allocation patternse0
- Direction
- no major effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B also had no major effect on carbon allocation patterns”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed growth effects to altered tissue extension and expansion.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- changes in tissue extension and expansione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of UV‐B on growth appeared to be due to changes in tissue extension and expansion”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf wax amount or biochemistry was not associated with UV-B sensitivity.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Compound
- waxe0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of the lines to UV‐B radiatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence that wax amount or biochemistry was associated with the sensitivity of the lines to UV‐B radiation”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigment induction was not correlated with growth change.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Compound
- pigmentse0
- Outcome
- changes in growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induction of pigments was not correlated with changes in growth”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Lines with the most constitutive bud pigments were most tolerant of elevated UV-B.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- unexpanded bud tissuese0
- Compound
- pigmentse0
- Outcome
- tolerant of elevated UV‐Be0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lines with the greatest constitutive amounts of pigments in unexpanded bud tissues were most tolerant of elevated UV‐B”
t0“pea”
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