Abstract
Blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, is the most important fungal disease of rice. The effect of silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn), and their interaction, on rice resistance to blast was investigated. Rice plants (cultivar "Metica 1") were grown in hydroponic solution with 0 or 2 mmol L-1 of Si and with 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mmol L-1 of Mn. Sixty-day-old plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension of P. oryzae and the incubation period (IP), the number of lesions (NL) per cm² of leaf area, the lesion size (LS), and blast severity were evaluated. Blast severity was scored at 48, 72, 96, and 144 hours after inoculation and data were used to obtain the area under blast progress curve (AUBPC). Silicon concentration was significantly higher in leaf tissues of plants supplied with this element than on its absence, regardless of Mn rates. There was no significant difference in Si concentration among the Mn rates for both - Si and +Si treatments. The Mn concentration was significantly higher in the tissues of plants from the - Si treatment as compared to plants of the +Si treatment, but only at the rate of 10 mmol L-1 of Mn. There was a significant increase in Mn concentration as the rates of this micronutrient increased from 0.5 to 10 mmol L-1 regardless of the Si treatments. The IP significantly increased in the +Si treatment. The Mn rates had no effect on the IP regardless of the Si treatments. The NL was significantly lower in the presence of Si regardless of the Mn rates. The Mn rates had no effect on NL regardless of the Si treatments. The addition of Si to the nutrient solution significantly reduced both LS and AUBPC regardless of Mn rates. However, in the absence of Si, the values for LS and AUBPC were significantly lower at the Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1 as compared to the rate of 0.5 µmol L-1. Overall, the results from this study showed the potential of Si to decrease blast development on rice regardless of the foliar concentration of Mn.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply raised rice leaf silicon concentration regardless of manganese rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- supplied with this elemente0
- Outcome
- Silicon concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- regardless of Mn ratese0
- Comparator
- its absencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon concentration was significantly higher in leaf tissues of plants supplied with this element than on its absence, regardless of Mn rates”
t0“rice resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese rate did not significantly change rice leaf silicon concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Outcome
- Si concentratione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- among the Mn ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in Si concentration among the Mn rates for both - Si and +Si treatments”
t0“rice resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mmol L-1 manganese, rice tissue manganese concentration was higher without silicon than with silicon.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- - Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- only at the rate of 10 mmol L-1 of Mne0
- Comparator
- +Si treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn concentration was significantly higher in the tissues of plants from the - Si treatment as compared to plants of the +Si treatment, but only at the rate of 10 mmol L-1 of Mn”
t0“rice resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing manganese supply raised rice tissue manganese concentration regardless of silicon treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rates of this micronutrient increased from 0.5 to 10 mmol L-1e0
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the Si treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant increase in Mn concentration as the rates of this micronutrient increased from 0.5 to 10 mmol L-1 regardless of the Si treatments”
t0“rice resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased the incubation period of rice blast.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- incubation periode1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IP significantly increased in the +Si treatment”
e1“the incubation period (IP)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese rate had no effect on blast incubation period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Outcome
- incubation periode1
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the Si treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn rates had no effect on the IP regardless of the Si treatments”
e1“the incubation period (IP)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon lowered rice blast lesion number regardless of manganese rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- presence of Sie0
- Outcome
- number of lesionse1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the Mn ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NL was significantly lower in the presence of Si regardless of the Mn rates”
e1“the number of lesions (NL) per cm² of leaf area”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese rate had no effect on rice blast lesion number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Outcome
- number of lesionse1
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the Si treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn rates had no effect on NL regardless of the Si treatments”
e1“the number of lesions (NL) per cm² of leaf area”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced rice blast lesion size regardless of manganese rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of Si to the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of Mn ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Si to the nutrient solution significantly reduced both LS and AUBPC regardless of Mn rates”
e1“the lesion size (LS)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced rice blast progress curve area regardless of manganese rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of Si to the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- area under blast progress curvee1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of Mn ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Si to the nutrient solution significantly reduced both LS and AUBPC regardless of Mn rates”
e1“area under blast progress curve (AUBPC)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Without silicon, 10 µmol L-1 manganese lowered lesion size versus 0.5 µmol L-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1e0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- absence of Sie0
- Comparator
- rate of 0.5 µmol L-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of Si, the values for LS and AUBPC were significantly lower at the Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1 as compared to the rate of 0.5 µmol L-1”
e1“the lesion size (LS)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
Claim · model-written summary
Without silicon, 10 µmol L-1 manganese lowered blast progress curve area versus 0.5 µmol L-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1e0
- Outcome
- area under blast progress curvee1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- absence of Sie0
- Comparator
- rate of 0.5 µmol L-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of Si, the values for LS and AUBPC were significantly lower at the Mn rate of 10 µmol L-1 as compared to the rate of 0.5 µmol L-1”
e1“area under blast progress curve (AUBPC)”
t0“rice resistance to blast”
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