Abstract
BACKGROUND: The interaction of plants with endophytic symbiotic fungi in the genus Trichoderma alters the plant proteome and transcriptome and results in enhanced plant growth and resistance to diseases. In a previous study, we identified the numerous chitinolytic enzyme families and individual enzymes in maize which are implicated in plant disease resistance and other plant responses. RESULTS: We examined the differential expression of the entire suite of chitinolytic enzymes in maize plants in the presence and absence of T. harzianum. Expression of these enzymes revealed a band of chitinolytic enzyme activity that had greater mass than any known chitinase. This study reports the characterization of this large protein. It was found to be a heretofore undiscovered heterodimer between an exo- and an endo-enzyme, and the endo portion differed between plants colonized with T. harzianum and those grown in its absence and between shoots and roots. The heterodimeric enzymes from shoots in the presence and absence of T. harzianum were purified and characterized. The dimeric enzyme from Trichoderma-inoculated plants had higher specific activity and greater ability to inhibit fungal growth than those from control plants. The activity of specific chitinolytic enzymes was higher in plants grown from Trichoderma treated seeds than in control plants. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a dimer between endo- and exochitinase. The endochitinase component of the dimer changed post Trichoderma inoculation. The dimer originating from Trichoderma inoculated plants had a higher antifungal activity than the comparable enzyme from control plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
A chitinolytic activity band had greater mass than known chitinases.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a band of chitinolytic enzyme activity that had greater mass than any known chitinase”
t0“maize chitinases”
Claim · model-written summary
The large chitinase protein was an exo- and endo-enzyme heterodimer.
- Outcome
- heterodimer between an exo- and an endo-enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a heretofore undiscovered heterodimer between an exo- and an endo-enzyme”
t0“maize chitinases”
Claim · model-written summary
The endo component differed between colonized and uncolonized plants and between shoots and roots.
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- endo portion differede0
- Comparator
- those grown in its absencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the endo portion differed between plants colonized with T. harzianum and those grown in its absence and between shoots and roots”
t0“maize chitinases”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme from inoculated plants had higher specific activity than control enzyme.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- specific activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dimeric enzyme from Trichoderma-inoculated plants had higher specific activity and greater ability to inhibit fungal growth than those from control plants”
t0“maize chitinases”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme from inoculated plants inhibited fungal growth more than control enzyme.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- ability to inhibit fungal growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dimeric enzyme from Trichoderma-inoculated plants had higher specific activity and greater ability to inhibit fungal growth than those from control plants”
t0“maize chitinases”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific chitinolytic enzymes had higher activity after seed treatment with Trichoderma.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma treated seedse0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of specific chitinolytic enzymese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of specific chitinolytic enzymes was higher in plants grown from Trichoderma treated seeds than in control plants”
t0“maize chitinases”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.