Abstract
The effect of controlling silverleaf nightshade with 2,4-D or glyphosate for 4 consecutive years on the yield of wheat was determined in a field experiment in southern New South Wales. Silverleaf nightshade was either controlled throughout summer with 2,4-D or glyphosate, or treated once with 2,4-D each February from 1979 to 1982. After 4 years, the initial density of silverleaf nightshade increased from 8 to 17 shootsJm2 in both the untreated controls and the plots treated with 2,4-D in February. Treatment throughout each summer with 2,4-D retarded this increase to 11.4 shootslm2, and treatment with glyphosate reduced the population to 1.6 shoots/m2. The grain yield of wheat was not affected by prior control of silverleaf nightshade in 1979 or 1980, but in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls. In 1981, repeated application of glyphosate or 2,4-D increased yield by 14 and 9%, while the application of 2,4-D in February increased yield by 5%. In 1982, a drought year, the responses were much greater, with corresponding yield increases of 69, 49 and 17% from these treatments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Silverleaf nightshade density increased from 8 to 17 shoots/m2 in untreated controls and in plots treated with 2,4-D in February.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- silverleaf nightshadee1weed
- Outcome
- density of silverleaf nightshadee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- from 8 to 17 shootsJm2e1
- Comparator
- untreated controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e1“the initial density of silverleaf nightshade increased from 8 to 17 shootsJm2 in both the untreated controls and the plots treated with 2,4-D in February”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate treatment throughout summer reduced the silverleaf nightshade population to 1.6 shoots/m2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatment with glyphosatee2
- Interactor
- silverleaf nightshadee1weed
- Outcome
- populatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 1.6 shoots/m2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e1“the initial density of silverleaf nightshade increased from 8 to 17 shootsJm2 in both the untreated controls and the plots treated with 2,4-D in February”
e2“treatment with glyphosate reduced the population to 1.6 shoots/m2”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 2,4-D throughout each summer retarded the increase in silverleaf nightshade density to 11.4 shoots/m2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Treatment throughout each summer with 2,4-De3
- Interactor
- silverleaf nightshadee1weed
- Outcome
- this increasee3
- Direction
- retardede3
- Value
- 11.4 shootslm2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e1“the initial density of silverleaf nightshade increased from 8 to 17 shootsJm2 in both the untreated controls and the plots treated with 2,4-D in February”
e3“Treatment throughout each summer with 2,4-D retarded this increase to 11.4 shootslm2”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of silverleaf nightshade before 1979 or 1980 did not affect wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- prior control of silverleaf nightshadee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The grain yield of wheat was not affected by prior control of silverleaf nightshade in 1979 or 1980”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated glyphosate in 1981 increased wheat yield (14%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- repeated application of glyphosatee4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- 14 and 9%e4
- Comparator
- unsprayed controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e4“In 1981, repeated application of glyphosate or 2,4-D increased yield by 14 and 9%”
e6“in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated glyphosate or 2,4-D in 1981 increased wheat yield (9%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- repeated application of glyphosate or 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- 14 and 9%e4
- Comparator
- unsprayed controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e4“In 1981, repeated application of glyphosate or 2,4-D increased yield by 14 and 9%”
e6“in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 2,4-D in February increased wheat yield by 5% in 1981.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of 2,4-D in Februarye5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 5%e5
- Comparator
- unsprayed controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e5“the application of 2,4-D in February increased yield by 5%”
e6“in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls”
Claim · model-written summary
In the 1982 drought year, herbicide treatments increased wheat yield by 69, 49 and 17% (glyphosate, repeated 2,4-D and February 2,4-D, in that order).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse7
- Outcome
- yield increasese7
- Direction
- increasese7
- Value
- 69, 49 and 17%e7
- Qualifier
- drought yeare7
- Comparator
- unsprayed controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the yield of wheat”
e6“in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls”
e7“In 1982, a drought year, the responses were much greater, with corresponding yield increases of 69, 49 and 17% from these treatments”
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glyphosate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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- negative
- negative
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See all 37 papers →2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 116 papers →glyphosate · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.