Abstract
Solutions were made by extracting the soils from certain of the Rothamsted plots on which wheat and barley had been grown for 60 years and upwards. Wheat and barley were grown in these solutions, which were renewed fortnightly. The comparative growth in the solutions was closely parallel to the growth of the crop on the plots in the field and corresponded to the composition of the solutions. The composition of the solutions as regards phosphoric acid and potash corresponded to the past manurial treatment of the soils and to the amount of phosphoric acid and potash they now show on analysis. Growth in the soil solutions agreed with the growth in artificial culture solutions containing equivalent amounts of phosphoric acid and potash. Growth in the soil solutions from imperfectly manured plots was brought up to the level of that in the solutions from completely manured plots on making up their deficiencies in phosphoric acid and potash by the addition of suitable salts. The phosphoric acid and potash content of the soil solutions was of the same order as the phosphoric acid and potash content of the natural drainage water from the same plots. Wheat grew as well as barley in the solutions of the wheat soils, and vice versâ . In a similar set of solutions from the same soils the growth of buckwheat, white lupins and sunflowers corresponded with that of wheat and barley. Boiling effected no alteration in the nutritive value of the soil solutions. In nutritive solutions of various degrees of dilution the growth of plants varied directly, but not proportionally, with the concentration of the solution, though the total plant food present in the solution was in excess of the requirements of the plant. When the nutrient solution was diffused as a film over sand or soil particles, as in nature, there was no retardation of growth due to the slowness of the diffusion of the nutrients to the points in the liquid film which had been exhausted by contact with the roots. Growth in such nutrient solutions forming a film over sand particles was much superior to the growth in a water culture of equal concentration, but the growth in the water culture was similarly increased if a continuous current of air was kept passing through it.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and barley growth in soil solutions paralleled crop growth on the source plots.
- Taxon
- crope0
- Outcome
- comparative growth in the solutionse0
- Comparator
- growth of the crop on the plots in the fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The comparative growth in the solutions was closely parallel to the growth of the crop on the plots in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and barley growth in soil solutions corresponded to solution composition.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The comparative growth in the solutions was closely parallel to the growth of the crop on the plots in the field and corresponded to the composition of the solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution phosphoric acid and potash composition corresponded to past manuring and present soil content.
- Outcome
- composition of the solutions as regards phosphoric acid and potashe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The composition of the solutions as regards phosphoric acid and potash corresponded to the past manurial treatment of the soils and to the amount of phosphoric acid and potash they now show on analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth in soil solutions agreed with growth in artificial solutions containing equivalent phosphoric acid and potash.
- Taxon
- Wheat and barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- Growth in the soil solutionse0
- Comparator
- growth in artificial culture solutions containing equivalent amounts of phosphoric acid and potashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Growth in the soil solutions agreed with the growth in artificial culture solutions containing equivalent amounts of phosphoric acid and potash”
e1“Wheat and barley were grown in these solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding salts to deficient soil solutions raised plant growth to the level of fully manured plot solutions.
- Taxon
- Wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- addition of suitable saltse0
- Outcome
- Growth in the soil solutionse0
- Direction
- brought upe0
- Comparator
- solutions from completely manured plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in the soil solutions from imperfectly manured plots was brought up to the level of that in the solutions from completely manured plots on making up their deficiencies in phosphoric acid and potash by the addition of suitable salts”
e1“Wheat and barley were grown in these solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution phosphoric acid and potash contents were of the same order as drainage water from the plots.
- Outcome
- phosphoric acid and potash content of the soil solutionse0
- Comparator
- natural drainage water from the same plotse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The phosphoric acid and potash content of the soil solutions was of the same order as the phosphoric acid and potash content of the natural drainage water from the same plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grew as well as barley in solutions of wheat soils, and barley grew as well as wheat in barley soil solutions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grew as well as barleye0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grew as well as barley in the solutions of the wheat soils, and vice versâ”
Claim · model-written summary
Buckwheat growth in the soil solutions corresponded with wheat and barley growth.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of buckwheat, white lupins and sunflowers corresponded with that of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
White lupin growth in the soil solutions corresponded with wheat and barley growth.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of buckwheat, white lupins and sunflowers corresponded with that of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower growth in the soil solutions corresponded with wheat and barley growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse0 - Outcome
- growth of buckwheat, white lupins and sunflowerse0
- Comparator
- wheat and barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of buckwheat, white lupins and sunflowers corresponded with that of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiling did not alter the nutritive value of soil solutions for plant growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- Boilinge0
- Outcome
- nutritive value of the soil solutionse0
- Direction
- no alteratione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Boiling effected no alteration in the nutritive value of the soil solutions”
e1“growth of plants varied directly”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth varied directly but not proportionally with nutrient solution concentration.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- concentration of the solutione0
- Outcome
- growth of plantse0
- Direction
- varied directlye0
Verbatim
e0“the growth of plants varied directly, but not proportionally, with the concentration of the solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient diffusion along films on sand or soil particles did not retard plant growth.
- Treatment
- nutrient solution was diffused as a film over sand or soil particlese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no retardatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“When the nutrient solution was diffused as a film over sand or soil particles, as in nature, there was no retardation of growth due to the slowness of the diffusion of the nutrients to the points in the liquid film which had been exhausted by contact with the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth in solution films over sand exceeded growth in equal-concentration water culture.
Verbatim
e0“Growth in such nutrient solutions forming a film over sand particles was much superior to the growth in a water culture of equal concentration”
e1“growth of plants varied directly”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous aeration increased growth in water culture.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- a continuous current of air was kept passing through ite0
- Outcome
- growth in the water culturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the growth in the water culture was similarly increased if a continuous current of air was kept passing through it”
e1“growth of plants varied directly”
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