Abstract
Abstract On calcareous soils, carbonate induced iron deficiency can have heavy effects on growth and development of several fruit crops. Leaf chlorosis, biochemical, and ultrastructural alterations are the first symptoms causing severe damages to yield and productivity. In this work, some physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of iron deficiency stress induced on the peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5 in vitro were studied. The aim was to demonstrate if in vitro culture can be used as a valid and fast method to evoke iron deficiency symptoms and to study plant responses to this kind of abiotic stress. Two different treatments were carried out and compared to a control (MS medium): plantlets grown on MS medium completely free of iron and on MS medium containing 1 mM potassium bicarbonate. After 10 and 20 days from the beginning of the treatments fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoids content were measured. Superoxide dismutase and catalase total activity was measured, and gene expression was analyzed by using etherologous probes (Sod1, Sod3, Sod4, and Cat1) obtained from maize. In the absence of iron or in the presence of bicarbonate Mr.S 2/5 plantlets showed a significant decrease in growth, as quantified by fresh and dry weight. The plantlets showed a severe chlorosis due to a reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids concentration. Iron deficiency stress caused a reduction of the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, while inducing an increase in gene expression. Keywords: Antioxidant‐enzymesBicarbonateChlorosisGrowth Acknowledgments We thank Prof. J. G. Scandalios for kindly giving the probes Cat1, Sod1, Sod3, and Sod4 from maize and for his effective guidance in molecular analysis. We also acknowledge Dr. F. Cinelli for his helpful suggestions about bicarbonate treatments and Dr. M. Johnson for the revision of language. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of University (MIUR‐A4002LS).
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-free medium significantly decreased fresh and dry weight of rootstock plantlets.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Material
- Mr.S 2/5e0
- Treatment
- MS medium completely free of irone1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- MS mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of iron or in the presence of bicarbonate Mr.S 2/5 plantlets showed a significant decrease in growth, as quantified by fresh and dry weight”
e1“plantlets grown on MS medium completely free of iron”
e2“compared to a control (MS medium)”
t0“peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5”
Claim · model-written summary
Bicarbonate medium significantly decreased fresh and dry weight of rootstock plantlets.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Mr.S 2/5e0
- Treatment
- MS medium containing 1 mM potassium bicarbonatee1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- MS mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of iron or in the presence of bicarbonate Mr.S 2/5 plantlets showed a significant decrease in growth, as quantified by fresh and dry weight”
e1“MS medium containing 1 mM potassium bicarbonate”
e2“compared to a control (MS medium)”
t0“peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations and caused severe chlorosis.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiency stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoids concentratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- severe chlorosise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plantlets showed a severe chlorosis due to a reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids concentration”
e1“Iron deficiency stress”
t0“peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiency stresse0
- Gene
- catalase and superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activity of catalase and superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency stress caused a reduction of the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase”
t0“peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency increased gene expression.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiency stresse0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency stress caused a reduction of the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, while inducing an increase in gene expression”
t0“peach rootstock Mr.S 2/5”
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