Abstract
Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. and Arn.) Rehder) is highly susceptible to sudden oak death, a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De Cock & Man in’t Veld. Symptoms include a dying crown, bleeding cankers, and, eventually, death of infected trees. The cause of mortality is not well understood, but recent research indicates that water transport is reduced in infected trees. One possible mechanism causing the reduction in hydraulic conductivity is the presence of tyloses in xylem vessels. The development of tyloses was studied in relation to hydraulic conductivity in P. ramorum-infected sapwood. Inoculated logs showed a greater abundance of tyloses than noninoculated logs after 4 weeks. Inoculated trees with xylem infections had significantly more tyloses than noninoculated trees. In addition, the increase in number of tyloses was associated with a decrease in specific conductivity, suggesting that tyloses induced by infection with P. ramorum may interfere with stem sap flow. Over time, tylosis development increased in tissues farther from the inoculation site, in advance of the vertical spread of infection. The results suggest that infected sapwood contains numerous tyloses, which could significantly impede stem water transport.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated logs had more tyloses than uninoculated logs after four weeks.
- Taxon
- Tanoake1
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorum
Phytophthora ramorume2pathogen - Outcome
- abundance of tylosese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- after 4 weekse0
- Comparator
- noninoculated logse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated logs showed a greater abundance of tyloses than noninoculated logs after 4 weeks”
e1“Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus”
e2“Phytophthora ramorum Werres”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated trees with xylem infections had significantly more tyloses than uninoculated trees.
- Taxon
- Tanoake1
- Organ / stage
- xyleme0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- tylosese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- noninoculated treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated trees with xylem infections had significantly more tyloses than noninoculated trees”
e1“Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus”
e2“Phytophthora ramorum Werres”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased tylosis number was associated with decreased specific conductivity.
- Taxon
- Tanoake1
- Organ / stage
- tylosese0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- specific conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in number of tyloses was associated with a decrease in specific conductivity”
e1“Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus”
e2“Phytophthora ramorum Werres”
Claim · model-written summary
Tylosis development increased over time in tissues farther from inoculation, ahead of vertical infection spread.
- Taxon
- Tanoake1
- Organ / stage
- tissuese0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- tylosis developmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over time, tylosis development increased in tissues farther from the inoculation site, in advance of the vertical spread of infection”
e1“Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus”
e2“Phytophthora ramorum Werres”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest infection-induced tyloses may impede stem sap flow.
- Taxon
- Tanoake1
- Interactor
- P. ramorumPhytophthora ramorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- stem sap flowe0
- Qualifier
- tyloses induced by infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tyloses induced by infection with P. ramorum may interfere with stem sap flow”
e1“Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus”