Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of PP 333 and Alar-85 containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 ppm on the shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, adventitious shoot numbers, shoot length and primer root length of apple rootstock-M9 and two apple cultivars (Starking Delicious and Amasya) in in vitro conditions. In vitro propagation of M9, Starking Delicious and Amasya was made on modified MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with growth regulators either in a multiplication medium containing agar solidified MS basal composition and 0.5 ppm BAP with 0.1 ppm IBA, or in rooting medium: rotated liquid 1/2 MS and 0.5 ppm IAA, and PP 333 or Alar-85. Subculturing the shoots on modified MS medium supplemented with PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers while inhibiting the length of shoots and primer root, in every 5 weeks from a single shoot tip or adventitious bud, with best shoot extension and leaf growth. One ppm PP 333 and 2.5 ppm Alar-85 favoured the development of adventitious shoots or buds, and rooting in isolated internodes of the development shoots. Especially, it appears that rooting and adventitious shoot numbers of Starking Delicious and Amasya were more than M9. The PP 333 and Alar85 threshold values were low at < 1.0 and < 2.5 ppm, respectively. The thresholds of PP 333 at 1.0 ppm were 59.2% (Starking Delicious), 48.6% (Amasya) and 32.5% (M9), and thresholds of Alar-85 at 2.5 ppm were 50.4% (Starking Delicious), 41.3% (Amasya), and 35.7% (M9) for rooting percentages. The thresholds of the proliferation and rooting coefficients of M9 were significantly lower than those of other cultivars. M9 gave the poorest response to the treatments.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
PP 333 at 0.5–1.0 ppm increased shoot image density, root image density and primary root number.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- shoot image density, root image density, primer root numbere0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PP 333 at 0.5–1.0 ppm induced rooting percentages and adventitious shoot numbers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numberse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Alar-85 at 0.5–2.5 ppm induced shoot and root image density and primary root number.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- shoot image density, root image density, primer root numbere0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Alar-85 at 0.5–2.5 ppm induced rooting percentages and adventitious shoot numbers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numberse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PP 333 inhibited shoot and primary root length.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- length of shoots and primer roote0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PP 333 (0.5 to 1.0 ppm) or Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers while inhibiting the length of shoots and primer root”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Alar-85 inhibited shoot and primary root length.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- length of shoots and primer roote0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alar-85 (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) induced shoot image density, root image density, primer root number, rooting percentages, and adventitious shoot numbers while inhibiting the length of shoots and primer root”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
One ppm PP 333 favored adventitious shoot or bud development and rooting in internodes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- One ppm PP 333e0
- Outcome
- development of adventitious shoots or buds, and rootinge0
- Direction
- favourede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One ppm PP 333 and 2.5 ppm Alar-85 favoured the development of adventitious shoots or buds, and rooting in isolated internodes of the development shoots”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 ppm, Alar-85 favored adventitious shoot or bud development and rooting in internodes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 ppm Alar-85e0
- Outcome
- development of adventitious shoots or buds, and rootinge0
- Direction
- favourede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One ppm PP 333 and 2.5 ppm Alar-85 favoured the development of adventitious shoots or buds, and rooting in isolated internodes of the development shoots”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Starking Delicious had more rooting and adventitious shoots than M9.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Starking Deliciouse0
- Outcome
- rooting and adventitious shoot numberse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Comparator
- M9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rooting and adventitious shoot numbers of Starking Delicious and Amasya were more than M9”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Amasya had more rooting and adventitious shoots than M9.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Amasyae0
- Outcome
- rooting and adventitious shoot numberse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Comparator
- M9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rooting and adventitious shoot numbers of Starking Delicious and Amasya were more than M9”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PP 333 had a threshold below 1.0 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- PP 333e0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- < 1.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PP 333 and Alar85 threshold values were low at < 1.0 and < 2.5 ppm, respectively”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Alar85 had a threshold below 2.5 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Alar85e0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- < 2.5 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PP 333 and Alar85 threshold values were low at < 1.0 and < 2.5 ppm, respectively”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 ppm PP 333, Starking Delicious rooted at 59.2%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Starking Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- PP 333 at 1.0 ppme0
- Outcome
- thresholdse0
- Value
- 59.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of PP 333 at 1.0 ppm were 59.2% (Starking Delicious), 48.6% (Amasya) and 32.5% (M9)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 ppm PP 333, Amasya rooted at 48.6%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Amasyae0
- Treatment
- PP 333 at 1.0 ppme0
- Outcome
- thresholdse0
- Value
- 48.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of PP 333 at 1.0 ppm were 59.2% (Starking Delicious), 48.6% (Amasya) and 32.5% (M9)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 ppm PP 333, M9 rooted at 32.5%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of PP 333 at 1.0 ppm were 59.2% (Starking Delicious), 48.6% (Amasya) and 32.5% (M9)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 ppm Alar-85, Starking Delicious rooted at 50.4%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Starking Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 at 2.5 ppme0
- Outcome
- rooting percentagese0
- Value
- 50.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of Alar-85 at 2.5 ppm were 50.4% (Starking Delicious), 41.3% (Amasya), and 35.7% (M9) for rooting percentages”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 ppm Alar-85, Amasya rooted at 41.3%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Amasyae0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 at 2.5 ppme0
- Outcome
- rooting percentagese0
- Value
- 41.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of Alar-85 at 2.5 ppm were 50.4% (Starking Delicious), 41.3% (Amasya), and 35.7% (M9) for rooting percentages”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 ppm Alar-85, M9 rooted at 35.7%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M9e0
- Treatment
- Alar-85 at 2.5 ppme0
- Outcome
- rooting percentagese0
- Value
- 35.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thresholds of Alar-85 at 2.5 ppm were 50.4% (Starking Delicious), 41.3% (Amasya), and 35.7% (M9) for rooting percentages”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
M9 had significantly lower proliferation and rooting coefficients than the cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M9e0
- Outcome
- proliferation and rooting coefficientse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The thresholds of the proliferation and rooting coefficients of M9 were significantly lower than those of other cultivars.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
M9 had the poorest treatment response.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- M9e0
- Outcome
- response to the treatmentse0
- Direction
- pooreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M9 gave the poorest response to the treatments.”
t0“apple”
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