Abstract
In coming decades, increasing temperatures are expected to impact crop yield and seed quality. To develop low input systems, the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop, need to be jointly considered. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperatures [High Temperature (HT), 33°C/day, 19°C/night vs. Control Temperature (Ctrl T), 20°C/day, 15°C/day] and S supply [High S (HS), 500 μm SO(2-) 4 vs. Low S (LS), 8.7 μM SO(2-) 4] during seed filling on (i) yield components [seed number, seed dry weight (SDW) and seed yield], (ii) grain composition [nitrogen (N) and S contents] and quality [fatty acid (FA) composition and seed storage protein (SSP) accumulation] and (iii) germination characteristics (pre-harvest sprouting, germination rates and abnormal seedlings). Abscisic acid (ABA), soluble sugar contents and seed conductivity were also measured. HT and LS decreased the number of seeds per plant. SDW was less affected due to compensatory effects since the number of seeds decreased under stress conditions. While LS had negative effects on seed composition by reducing the FA contents and increasing the ratio S-poor SSPs (12S globulins)/S-rich SSPs (2S albumins) ratio, HT had positive effects by increasing S and FA contents and decreasing the C18:2/C18:3 ratio and the 12S/2S protein ratio. Seeds produced under HT showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates along with decreased ABA contents and high rates of abnormal seedlings. HT and LS restriction significantly accelerated germination times. High conductivity, which indicates poor seed storage capacity, was higher in HT seeds. Consistently, the lower ratio of (raffinose + stachyose)/sucrose in HT seeds indicated low seed storage capacity. We demonstrated the effects of HT and LS on grain and on germination characteristics. These results suggest that hormonal changes might control several seed characteristics simultaneously.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased the number of seeds per oilseed rape plant.
- Taxon
- oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Treatment
- HTe2
- Outcome
- number of seeds per plante2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- Control Temperature (Ctrl T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“vs. Control Temperature (Ctrl T)”
e2“HT and LS decreased the number of seeds per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Low sulfur decreased the number of seeds per oilseed rape plant.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- LSe2
- Outcome
- number of seeds per plante2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- High S (HS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e2“HT and LS decreased the number of seeds per plant”
e3“High S (HS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dry weight was less affected under stress conditions because fewer seeds compensated.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse4
- Outcome
- SDWe4
- Direction
- less affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e4“SDW was less affected due to compensatory effects since the number of seeds decreased under stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low sulfur decreased the fatty acid contents of oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- LSe5
- Outcome
- FA contentse5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Comparator
- High S (HS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e5“While LS had negative effects on seed composition by reducing the FA contents and increasing the ratio S-poor SSPs (12S globulins)/S-rich SSPs (2S albumins) ratio”
e3“High S (HS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low sulfur increased the ratio of S-poor to S-rich seed storage proteins in oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- LSe5
- Outcome
- ratio S-poor SSPs (12S globulins)/S-rich SSPs (2S albumins) ratioe5
- Direction
- increasinge5
- Comparator
- High S (HS)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e5“While LS had negative effects on seed composition by reducing the FA contents and increasing the ratio S-poor SSPs (12S globulins)/S-rich SSPs (2S albumins) ratio”
e3“High S (HS)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased the sulfur and fatty acid contents of oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe7
- Outcome
- S and FA contentse7
- Direction
- increasinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e7“HT had positive effects by increasing S and FA contents and decreasing the C18:2/C18:3 ratio and the 12S/2S protein ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased the C18:2/C18:3 ratio in oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe7
- Outcome
- C18:2/C18:3 ratioe7
- Direction
- decreasinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e7“HT had positive effects by increasing S and FA contents and decreasing the C18:2/C18:3 ratio and the 12S/2S protein ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased the 12S/2S protein ratio in oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe7
- Outcome
- 12S/2S protein ratioe7
- Direction
- decreasinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e7“HT had positive effects by increasing S and FA contents and decreasing the C18:2/C18:3 ratio and the 12S/2S protein ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds produced under high temperature showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe1
- Outcome
- pre-harvest sprouting ratese1
- Direction
- highe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“Seeds produced under HT showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates along with decreased ABA contents and high rates of abnormal seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased ABA contents in oilseed rape seeds.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe1
- Outcome
- ABA contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“Seeds produced under HT showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates along with decreased ABA contents and high rates of abnormal seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature produced high rates of abnormal seedlings.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe1
- Outcome
- rates of abnormal seedlingse1
- Direction
- highe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“Seeds produced under HT showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates along with decreased ABA contents and high rates of abnormal seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature significantly accelerated germination times in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HTe1
- Outcome
- germination timese1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“HT and LS restriction significantly accelerated germination times”
Claim · model-written summary
Low sulfur significantly accelerated germination times in oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- LS restrictione1
- Outcome
- germination timese1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“HT and LS restriction significantly accelerated germination times”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed conductivity was higher in high-temperature seeds, indicating poor seed storage capacity.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HT seedse1
- Outcome
- conductivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“High conductivity, which indicates poor seed storage capacity, was higher in HT seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of (raffinose + stachyose)/sucrose was lower in high-temperature seeds, indicating low seed storage capacity.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HT seedse1
- Outcome
- (raffinose + stachyose)/sucrosee1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop”
e1“the lower ratio of (raffinose + stachyose)/sucrose in HT seeds indicated low seed storage capacity”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.