Abstract
Fourteen soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars were analysed and found to differ considerably in aluminium (Al) resistance. The cultivars Suzunari (Al‐resistant) and Shishio (Al‐sensitive) were selected for further analysis of physiological mechanisms of Al‐resistance. The relative root growth of Shishio was 48% compared to 76% for Suzunari in response to 15 μ M Al (24 h). Aluminium accumulation and Al‐induced callose formation in root apices were 50 and 25% of that in Suzunari, respectively. Al inhibited both Suzunari and Shishio during the first 6 h of exposure. However, the root growth inhibition was further increased in Shishio but not in Suzunari, suggesting an Al‐induced Al‐resistant mechanism operating in Suzunari. Organic acid analysis in root exudates of both cultivars revealed that they specifically exuded citrate in response to Al. However, the citrate exudation rate was significantly higher in Suzunari during the 6 h/24 h Al treatment, which was 52/330 compared to Shishio's 26/118 (nmol [g root fresh weight] −1 [6 h] −1 ), respectively. This Al‐induced citric acid exudation was found to be specific for Al, as several other metals failed to induce citrate exudation in both cultivars. Fourteen days of P deficiency did not elicit citrate excretion in both cultivars, while application of Al to P‐deficient plants rapidly induced citrate exudation in both cultivars, confirming the specificity of the response of these soybean cultivars to Al. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an Al‐exclusion mechanism in soybean cultivars, which is conferred by enhanced and specific Al‐induced exudation of citrate.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen soybean cultivars differed considerably in aluminium resistance.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- aluminium (Al) resistancee0
- Direction
- differ considerablye0
- Value
- Fourteene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars were analysed and found to differ considerably in aluminium (Al) resistance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative root growth after Al exposure was 48% in Shishio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Shishioe0
- Treatment
- 15 μ M Al (24 h)e0
- Outcome
- relative root growthe0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Comparator
- Suzunarie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative root growth of Shishio was 48% compared to 76% for Suzunari in response to 15 μ M Al (24 h).”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative root growth after Al exposure was 76% in Suzunari.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Suzunarie0
- Treatment
- 15 μ M Al (24 h)e0
- Outcome
- relative root growthe0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Comparator
- Shishioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative root growth of Shishio was 48% compared to 76% for Suzunari in response to 15 μ M Al (24 h).”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al accumulation in Shishio root apices was 50% of Suzunari.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Shishioe0
- Outcome
- Aluminium accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 50e0
- Comparator
- Suzunarie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative root growth of Shishio was 48% compared to 76% for Suzunari in response to 15 μ M Al (24 h). Aluminium accumulation and Al‐induced callose formation in root apices were 50 and 25% of that in Suzunari, respectively.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-induced callose in Shishio root apices was 25% of Suzunari.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Shishioe0
- Outcome
- Al‐induced callose formation in root apicese0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- Suzunarie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative root growth of Shishio was 48% compared to 76% for Suzunari in response to 15 μ M Al (24 h). Aluminium accumulation and Al‐induced callose formation in root apices were 50 and 25% of that in Suzunari, respectively.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al inhibited root growth in both cultivars during the first 6 hours.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- Suzunari and Shishioe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- first 6 h of exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al inhibited both Suzunari and Shishio during the first 6 h of exposure.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth inhibition subsequently increased in Shishio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Shishioe0
- Outcome
- root growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root growth inhibition was further increased in Shishio but not in Suzunari”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth inhibition did not further increase in Suzunari.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Suzunarie0
- Outcome
- root growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root growth inhibition was further increased in Shishio but not in Suzunari”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cultivars exuded citrate specifically in response to Al.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- exuded citratee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they specifically exuded citrate in response to Al.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Suzunari had a significantly higher citrate exudation rate than Shishio during Al treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Suzunarie0
- Outcome
- citrate exudation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 52/330e0
- Comparator
- Shishioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the citrate exudation rate was significantly higher in Suzunari during the 6 h/24 h Al treatment, which was 52/330 compared to Shishio's 26/118 (nmol [g root fresh weight] −1 [6 h] −1 ), respectively.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Several other metals failed to induce citrate exudation in either cultivar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- several other metalse0
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione0
- Direction
- failed to inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several other metals failed to induce citrate exudation in both cultivars.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen days of phosphorus deficiency did not elicit citrate excretion.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fourteen days of P deficiencye0
- Outcome
- citrate excretione0
- Direction
- did not elicite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fourteen days of P deficiency did not elicit citrate excretion in both cultivars”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al rapidly induced citrate exudation in phosphorus-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of Al to P‐deficient plantse0
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Al to P‐deficient plants rapidly induced citrate exudation in both cultivars”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that specific Al-induced citrate exudation confers Al exclusion in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Al‐exclusion mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- enhanced and specific Al‐induced exudation of citratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an Al‐exclusion mechanism in soybean cultivars, which is conferred by enhanced and specific Al‐induced exudation of citrate.”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
- positive
- negative
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9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- positive
- positive
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.