Abstract
The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5+1.0 micromol/L Cd; pH 4.0+1.0 micromol/L Cd; pH 4.0+150 micromol/L Al; pH 4.0+1.0 micromol/L Cd+150 micromol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accumulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH reduced root length, shoot height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- low pH (4.0)e0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot height, dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low pH (4.0)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment reduced root length, shoot height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Al treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot height, dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Al treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zhechun 2 accumulated more Al and Cd than Liao 1.
Verbatim
e0“Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 4.0 significantly increased plant Cd and Al concentrations relative to pH 6.5.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pH 4.0e0
- Outcome
- Cd and Al concentration in plantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- pH 6.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Cd and Al increased their root accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Cd and Ale0
- Outcome
- accumulation in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accumulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Cd and Al reduced their shoot accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Cd and Ale0
- Outcome
- reduction in shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accumulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower pH raised concentrations of the nutrients other than Mo.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5”
Claim · model-written summary
Al decreased most nutrient concentrations in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Treatment
- Al additione0
- Outcome
- concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Al addition caused a reduction in the concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased root K, Mn and Zn.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ale1
- Outcome
- K, Mn and Zn in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased”
e1“Al addition caused a reduction in the concentration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd alone reduced plant nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Cd alonee0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd with Al reduced plant nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Cd alone or together with Ale0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zhechun 2 had lower nutrient concentration than Liao 1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Zhechun 2e0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Liao 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer synergistic Al and Cd effects on growth, physiology and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptakee0
- Qualifier
- synergistice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake”
t0“soybean”
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See all 13 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.