Abstract
Aluminum toxicity is the most limiting factor to plant growth on acid soils. Structural and functional damages in the root system by Al decrease nutrient uptake and lead to reduce plant growth and mineral deficiency in shoot. Greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of Al on plant growth, and P and Ca uptake of rice, maize, and soybean. The plants were grown in hydroponic solution added with 0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al, at pH 4.0. The results showed that relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level. However, sometimes the low Al level (5 ppm) stimulated shoot and root growth of some varieties in these species. According to total AlRG30 values, which is Al concentration in solution when relative growth decreased to 50%, Al tolerance of species was in order of barley < maize < soybean < lowland rice < upland rice. For maize, Al tolerance was in the order of Arjuna < Kalingga < P 3540 < SA 5 < SA 4 < PM 95 A < SA 3 < Antasena; for soybean was Wilis < INPS < Galunggung < Kerinci < Kitamusume; for lowland rice was RD 23 < Kapuas < Cisadane < KDML 105 < IR 66 < RD 13, and for upland rice was Dodokan < JAC165 < Cirata < Orizyca sabana 6 < Danau Tempe < Laut Tawar. Based on the rank of Al tolerance, rice was the useful crop to be planted in acid soils. Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils. P and Ca concentration in shoots and roots commonly decreased with an increase of Al level. However, the low Al level stimulated absorption of P and Ca concentrations in shoots and roots.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root relative growth decreased as aluminum increased in upland rice.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Al levele0
- Outcome
- relative growth of shoots and roots of upland ricee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root relative growth decreased as aluminum increased in lowland rice.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root relative growth decreased as aluminum increased in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root relative growth decreased as aluminum increased in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Al levele0
- Outcome
- relative growth of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative growth of shoots and roots of upland rice, lowland rice, maize, and soybean decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Low aluminum sometimes stimulated shoot and root growth in some varieties.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and soybeanGlycine maxOryza sativa
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- low Al level (5 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- some varietiese0
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low Al level (5 ppm) stimulated shoot and root growth of some varieties in these species”
e1“uptake of rice, maize, and soybean.”
e2“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Species aluminum tolerance ranked barley below maize, soybean, lowland rice and upland rice.
Verbatim
e0“Al tolerance of species was in order of barley < maize < soybean < lowland rice < upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize cultivar aluminum tolerance increased from Arjuna through Antasena in the reported order.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For maize, Al tolerance was in the order of Arjuna < Kalingga < P 3540 < SA 5 < SA 4 < PM 95 A < SA 3 < Antasena”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean cultivar aluminum tolerance increased from Wilis through Kitamusume in the reported order.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybeane0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for soybean was Wilis < INPS < Galunggung < Kerinci < Kitamusume”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowland rice cultivar aluminum tolerance increased from RD 23 through RD 13 in the reported order.
Verbatim
e0“for lowland rice was RD 23 < Kapuas < Cisadane < KDML 105 < IR 66 < RD 13”
Claim · model-written summary
Upland rice cultivar aluminum tolerance increased from Dodokan through Laut Tawar in the reported order.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- upland ricee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for upland rice was Dodokan < JAC165 < Cirata < Orizyca sabana 6 < Danau Tempe < Laut Tawar”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root phosphorus concentrations generally decreased as aluminum increased.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and soybeanGlycine maxOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- Al levele0
- Outcome
- P and Ca concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P and Ca concentration in shoots and roots commonly decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“uptake of rice, maize, and soybean.”
e2“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root calcium concentrations generally decreased as aluminum increased.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and soybeanGlycine maxOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- Al levele0
- Outcome
- Ca concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P and Ca concentration in shoots and roots commonly decreased with an increase of Al level”
e1“uptake of rice, maize, and soybean.”
e2“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Low aluminum stimulated phosphorus absorption into shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and soybeanGlycine maxOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- low Al levele0
- Outcome
- absorption of Pe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low Al level stimulated absorption of P and Ca concentrations in shoots and roots”
e1“uptake of rice, maize, and soybean.”
e2“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Low aluminum stimulated calcium absorption into shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and soybeanGlycine maxOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- low Al levele0
- Outcome
- Ca concentrations in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low Al level stimulated absorption of P and Ca concentrations in shoots and roots”
e1“uptake of rice, maize, and soybean.”
e2“0, 5, 10, and 30 ppm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend rice as a crop for acid soils.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- useful crop to be planted in acid soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice was the useful crop to be planted in acid soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Antasena maize for acid soils.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Kitamusume soybean for acid soils.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Kitamusumee0
- Outcome
- recommended for acid soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend RD 13 lowland rice for acid soils.
Verbatim
e0“Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Laut Tawar upland rice for acid soils.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Laut Taware0
- Outcome
- recommended for acid soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antasena (maize), Kitamusume ( soybean ), RD 13 (lowland rice), and Laut Tawar (upland rice) were also recommended for acid soils”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.