Abstract
Sharp eyespot disease (primarily caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis) and freezing stress are important yield limitations for the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of an ethylene response factor (ERF) in wheat, Pathogen-Induced ERF1 (TaPIE1), in host responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses. TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants. Following both stress treatments, electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content were significantly reduced, and both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat, whereas these physiological traits in TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat exhibited the opposite trend. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of TaPIE1-overexpressing and -underexpressing wheat plants indicated that TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes. Assays of DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that the GCC boxes in the promoters of TaPIE1-activated genes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1. The transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genes were significantly elevated following R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatments. TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezing were positively modulated by ethylene biosynthesis. These data suggest that TaPIE1 positively regulates the defense responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses by activating defense- and stress-related genes downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway and by modulating related physiological traits in wheat.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
TaPIE1 overexpression enhanced wheat resistance to R. cerealis.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- TaPIE1-overexpressinge0
- Interactor
- R. cerealis
Ceratobasidium cerealee0pathogen - Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stressese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPIE1 overexpression enhanced wheat resistance to freezing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-overexpressinge0
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stressese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPIE1 underexpression increased wheat susceptibility to R. cerealis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-underexpressinge0
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- susceptible to both stressese0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPIE1 underexpression increased wheat susceptibility to freezing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-underexpressinge0
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- susceptible to both stressese0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After stress treatments, TaPIE1 overexpression reduced electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-overexpressinge0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following both stress treatments, electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content were significantly reduced, and both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After stress treatments, TaPIE1 overexpression elevated proline and soluble sugar contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-overexpressinge0
- Outcome
- proline and soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological traits showed the opposite trend under TaPIE1 underexpression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TaPIE1-underexpressinge0
- Outcome
- physiological traitse0
- Direction
- opposite trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these physiological traits in TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat exhibited the opposite trend”
Claim · model-written summary
TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GCC boxes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- transactivation by TaPIE1e0
- Qualifier
- GCC boxese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GCC boxes in the promoters of TaPIE1-activated genes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
R. cerealis, freezing and ethylene treatments elevated TaPIE1 transactivation activity and target gene expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatmentse0
- Interactor
- R. cerealisCeratobasidium cerealee0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genes were significantly elevated following R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatments”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene biosynthesis positively modulated TaPIE1 responses to pathogen and freezing stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- R. cerealisCeratobasidium cerealee0pathogen
- Gene
- TaPIE1e0
- Outcome
- TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezinge0
- Qualifier
- ethylene biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezing were positively modulated by ethylene biosynthesis”
t0“Wheat”
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