Abstract
The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber. Mixture experiments using three components (Rb + , K + , and Na + ) or two components (K + and Na + ) were conducted to delineate the toxicity of HCO 3 − versus the counter-cation effect. The quantitative separation of the toxic effects was possible only when the individual stress had an additive effect when combined with the other stress. Potassium mixtures were used as reference for comparison with other mixtures because plants did not respond to K + , probably because it was included at a minimum concentration of 2.5 m m K + or because it was supplied in the preestablishing solution. Rubidium caused a decrease in shoot dry weight (SDW), but SDW accumulation was even lower when HCO 3 − was added to the Rb + solutions. However, Rb + was not included in follow-up experiments because the response of plants to Rb + was very similar to that of Na + . The toxic effect of Na + caused SDW to decrease at a rate of 3.7% per millimolar increase of Na + . However, the effect of HCO 3 − was dependent on its concentration, because at 2.5 m m HCO 3 − , the decrease in SDW was 12.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , whereas at 3.75, 5, and 5.65 m m, the decrease was 11.0%, 7.8%, and 10.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , respectively. At 7.5 m m HCO 3 − , the decrease in SDW was 4.2% to 8.2% per millimolar increase in HCO 3 − , respectively. The decreasing HCO 3 − rate may be explained by the nonadditive effect between HCO 3 − and Na + at high alkalinity levels.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rubidium decreased shoot dry weight of bean plants in a controlled environment chamber.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Material
- Ponchoe0
- Treatment
- Rubidiume1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (SDW)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e1“Rubidium caused a decrease in shoot dry weight (SDW), but SDW accumulation was even lower when HCO 3 − was added to the Rb + solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding HCO3- to Rb+ solutions lowered shoot dry weight accumulation of bean plants further.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e1“Rubidium caused a decrease in shoot dry weight (SDW), but SDW accumulation was even lower when HCO 3 − was added to the Rb + solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
The toxic effect of Na+ decreased shoot dry weight of bean plants by 3.7% per millimolar increase of Na+.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e2“The toxic effect of Na + caused SDW to decrease at a rate of 3.7% per millimolar increase of Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 mM HCO3-, shoot dry weight of bean plants decreased by 12.7% per millimolar HCO3-.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- HCO 3 −e3
- Outcome
- SDWe3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 12.7% per millimolare3
- Qualifier
- at 2.5 m me3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e3“at 2.5 m m HCO 3 − , the decrease in SDW was 12.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − ”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3.75 mM HCO3-, shoot dry weight of bean plants decreased by 11.0% per millimolar HCO3-.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e4“the decrease in SDW was 12.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , whereas at 3.75, 5, and 5.65 m m, the decrease was 11.0%, 7.8%, and 10.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mM HCO3-, shoot dry weight of bean plants decreased by 7.8% per millimolar HCO3-.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e4“the decrease in SDW was 12.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , whereas at 3.75, 5, and 5.65 m m, the decrease was 11.0%, 7.8%, and 10.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5.65 mM HCO3-, shoot dry weight of bean plants decreased by 10.7% per millimolar HCO3-.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e4“the decrease in SDW was 12.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , whereas at 3.75, 5, and 5.65 m m, the decrease was 11.0%, 7.8%, and 10.7% per millimolar HCO 3 − , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 mM HCO3-, shoot dry weight of bean plants decreased by 4.2% to 8.2% per millimolar increase in HCO3-.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- HCO 3 −e5
- Outcome
- SDWe5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- 4.2% to 8.2% per millimolar increasee5
- Qualifier
- 7.5 m me5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e5“At 7.5 m m HCO 3 − , the decrease in SDW was 4.2% to 8.2% per millimolar increase in HCO 3 − , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The decreasing rate of shoot dry weight with HCO3- may be explained by a nonadditive effect between HCO3- and Na+ at high alkalinity.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e6“The decreasing HCO 3 − rate may be explained by the nonadditive effect between HCO 3 − and Na + at high alkalinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean plants did not respond to K+ in the experiments, probably because K+ was present at a minimum concentration or supplied in the preestablishing solution.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e7“plants did not respond to K + , probably because it was included at a minimum concentration of 2.5 m m K +”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of bean plants to Rb+ was very similar to their response to Na+.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e7“because the response of plants to Rb + was very similar to that of Na +”
Claim · model-written summary
Separation of the toxic effects of HCO3- and counter-cations was possible only when the individual stresses were additive.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of Rb + and Na + as counter-cations of HCO 3 − was evaluated on bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Poncho) plants using mixture experiment statistical methodology in a series of experiments set up in a controlled environment chamber”
e7“The quantitative separation of the toxic effects was possible only when the individual stress had an additive effect when combined with the other stress”
The same questions in other papers
rubidium atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
hydrogencarbonate · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.