Abstract
Mixture experiments were used to study the effect of Rb, K, and Na in combination with a number of bicarbonate concentrations on bean plants grown in hydroponics in a controlled environmental chamber. The objective was to separate the cation effect from the bicarbonate effect. The first experiment was a 3-component mixture-amount experiment using various ratios of Rb, K, and Na at 0 and 7.5 m m of bicarbonate. In the 0 m m bicarbonate control, the pure blends were ranked: Rb > Na > K for their effect on reducing shoot dry mass. The high toxicity to the Rb ion was probably due to direct Rb toxicity in addition to any general salinity effect. At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, shoot dry mass was decreased with all the counter-ions compared to the 0 m m bicarbonate control, and their toxicity was ranked: Rb > Na ≈ K. The next series of experiments were 2-component mixture-amount experiments at various ratios of K and Na at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 m m bicarbonate. In the 0 m m bicarbonate control, shoot dry mass decreased with increasing proportions of Na, indicating a specific Na toxicity. The same trend was observed at 2.5 m m bicarbonate. In the 7.5 m m bicarbonate treatment, both Na and K were equally toxic. At low concentration of bicarbonate, the Na is more toxic than the bicarbonate. At higher concentrations of bicarbonate, both Na and bicarbonate exhibit similar levels of toxicity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Without bicarbonate, Rb reduced bean shoot dry mass most, followed by Na and K.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Material
- `Poncho't0
- Treatment
- Rb > Na > Ke0
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- 0 m m bicarbonate controle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the 0 m m bicarbonate control, the pure blends were ranked: Rb > Na > K for their effect on reducing shoot dry mass.”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) `Poncho'”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed high Rb toxicity partly to direct Rb toxicity.
Verbatim
e0“The high toxicity to the Rb ion was probably due to direct Rb toxicity in addition to any general salinity effect.”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, all counterions decreased shoot dry mass relative to zero bicarbonate.
Verbatim
e0“At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, shoot dry mass was decreased with all the counter-ions compared to the 0 m m bicarbonate control”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, Rb was most toxic and Na and K were approximately equally toxic.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“their toxicity was ranked: Rb > Na ≈ K”
e1“At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, shoot dry mass was decreased with all the counter-ions”
Claim · model-written summary
At zero bicarbonate, increasing Na proportions decreased bean shoot dry mass.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- increasing proportions of Nae0
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 0 m m bicarbonate controle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the 0 m m bicarbonate control, shoot dry mass decreased with increasing proportions of Na”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.5 m m bicarbonate, increasing Na proportions likewise decreased bean shoot dry mass.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- increasing proportions of Nae1
- Outcome
- shoot dry masse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- 2.5 m m bicarbonatee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The same trend was observed at 2.5 m m bicarbonate.”
e1“shoot dry mass decreased with increasing proportions of Na”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 m m bicarbonate, Na and K were equally toxic to bean.
Verbatim
e0“In the 7.5 m m bicarbonate treatment, both Na and K were equally toxic.”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At low bicarbonate concentration, Na was more toxic than bicarbonate.
Verbatim
e0“At low concentration of bicarbonate, the Na is more toxic than the bicarbonate.”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher bicarbonate concentrations, Na and bicarbonate showed similar toxicity.
Verbatim
e0“At higher concentrations of bicarbonate, both Na and bicarbonate exhibit similar levels of toxicity.”
t0“Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogencarbonate · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.