Abstract
The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development by regulating endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking required for polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. GNOM is a family member of large ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs), which regulate vesicle formation by activating ARF GTPases on specific membranes in animals, plants, and fungi. However, apart from the catalytic exchange activity of the SEC7 domain, the functional significance of other conserved domains is virtually unknown. Here, we show that a distinct N-terminal domain of GNOM mediates dimerization and in addition interacts heterotypically with two other conserved domains in vivo. In contrast with N-terminal dimerization, the heterotypic interaction is essential for GNOM function, as mutations abolishing this interaction inactivate the GNOM protein and compromise its membrane association. Our results suggest a general model of large ARF-GEF function in which regulated changes in protein conformation control membrane association of the exchange factor and, thus, activation of ARFs.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A GNOM N-terminal domain mediates dimerization.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Gene
- GNOMe0
- Outcome
- dimerizatione0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a distinct N-terminal domain of GNOM mediates dimerization”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development”
Claim · model-written summary
The GNOM N-terminal domain interacts heterotypically with two other conserved domains in vivo.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- GNOMe0
- Outcome
- interacts heterotypically with two other conserved domains in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a distinct N-terminal domain of GNOM mediates dimerization and in addition interacts heterotypically with two other conserved domains in vivo”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations that abolish heterotypic interaction inactivate GNOM.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- mutations abolishing this interactione0
- Gene
- GNOMe0
- Outcome
- GNOM proteine0
- Direction
- inactivatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations abolishing this interaction inactivate the GNOM protein”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations that abolish heterotypic interaction compromise GNOM membrane association.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- mutations abolishing this interactione0
- Gene
- GNOMe0
- Outcome
- membrane associatione0
- Direction
- compromisee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations abolishing this interaction inactivate the GNOM protein and compromise its membrane association”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer protein conformation changes control exchange-factor membrane association and ARF activation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- membrane association of the exchange factor and, thus, activation of ARFse0
- Qualifier
- regulated changes in protein conformatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regulated changes in protein conformation control membrane association of the exchange factor and, thus, activation of ARFs”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · quality: protein · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.