Abstract
A new method for measuring annual growth rings in cork has been developed. It is based on the fact that excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders. This distinct autofluorescence band is located in the cork produced at the end of the vegetation period, with its smaller cells and thicker cell walls. The enhanced autofluorescence of polyphenolics mainly results from a very thick suberin layer in the walls of the small late cork cells. The gradient in autofluorescence from late cork to first early cork is steep. The best visibility of cork annual rings was found under the epifluorescence microscope in 60 μm thick microtome cork cross sections. For fast screening of high sample numbers scanning the blue-excited (473 nm) fluorescence of water wetted polished cross-sectional surfaces of cork pieces with a laser-equipped fluorescence image analyzer was most suitable. Evaluation of visibility of cork rings showed a clear improvement in comparison with reflected light image analysis; thus data obtained with this new autofluorescence scanning method are excellent for modeling the yearly growth increment of cork.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
UV and blue light produced enhanced autofluorescence at growth ring borders.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.
Quercus subere0 - Organ / stage
- corke0
- Treatment
- UV light and also with blue lighte0
- Outcome
- autofluorescence at the growth ring borderse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
The autofluorescence band occurred in end-of-season cork with smaller cells and thicker walls.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Organ / stage
- corke0
- Outcome
- autofluorescence bande0
- Qualifier
- end of the vegetation periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This distinct autofluorescence band is located in the cork produced at the end of the vegetation period, with its smaller cells and thicker cell walls”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced polyphenolic autofluorescence mainly resulted from thick suberin layers in late cork cell walls.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Organ / stage
- small late cork cellse0
- Compound
- suberine0
- Outcome
- enhanced autofluorescence of polyphenolicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced autofluorescence of polyphenolics mainly results from a very thick suberin layer in the walls of the small late cork cells”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
The autofluorescence gradient from late to early cork was steep.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Organ / stage
- late cork to first early corke0
- Outcome
- gradient in autofluorescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gradient in autofluorescence from late cork to first early cork is steep”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual rings were most visible in 60 μm cork cross sections under epifluorescence microscopy.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Outcome
- visibility of cork annual ringse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 60 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best visibility of cork annual rings was found under the epifluorescence microscope in 60 μm thick microtome cork cross sections”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-excited fluorescence scanning was most suitable for rapid screening of many cork samples.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Outcome
- fast screening of high sample numberse0
- Value
- 473 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For fast screening of high sample numbers scanning the blue-excited (473 nm) fluorescence of water wetted polished cross-sectional surfaces of cork pieces with a laser-equipped fluorescence image analyzer was most suitable”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
Autofluorescence scanning improved cork ring visibility over reflected light image analysis.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Outcome
- visibility of cork ringse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- reflected light image analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of visibility of cork rings showed a clear improvement in comparison with reflected light image analysis”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged the new scanning data excellent for modeling yearly cork growth increment.
- Taxon
- Quercus suber L.Quercus subere1
- Outcome
- modeling the yearly growth increment of corke0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“data obtained with this new autofluorescence scanning method are excellent for modeling the yearly growth increment of cork”
t0“cork”
e1“excitation of Quercus suber L. cork cross-sectional planes with UV light and also with blue light results in enhanced autofluorescence at the growth ring borders”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Quercus suber (cork oak)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.