Abstract
ABSTRACT Genetic modifications of agronomic crops will likely be necessary to cope with global climate change. This study tested the hypotheses that genotypic differences in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) leaf photosynthesis at elevated [CO 2 ] and temperature are related to protein and gene expression of Rubisco, and that high growth temperatures under elevated [CO 2 ] negatively affect photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. Two rice cultivars representing an indica (cv. IR72) and japonica type (cv. M103) were grown in 350 (ambient) and 700 (elevated) µ mol CO 2 mol −1 at 28/18, 34/24 and 40/30 °C sinusoidal maximum/minimum, day/night temperatures in outdoor, sunlit, environment‐controlled chambers. Leaf photosynthesis of IR72 favoured higher growth temperatures more than M103. Rubisco total activity and protein content were negatively affected in both genotypes by high temperatures and elevated CO 2 . However, at moderate to high growth temperatures, IR72 leaves averaged 71 and 39% more rbcS transcripts than M103 under ambient and elevated CO 2 , respectively, and likewise had greater Rubisco activity and protein content. Expression of psbA (D1 protein of PSII) in IR72 leaves increased with temperature, whereas it remained constant for M103, except for a 20% decline at 40/30 °C under elevated CO 2 . Even at the highest growth temperatures, PSII photochemical efficiency was not impaired in either genotype grown under either ambient or elevated CO 2 . Genotypic differences exist in rice for carboxylation responses to elevated CO 2 and high temperatures, which may be useful in developing genotypes suited to cope with global climate changes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
IR72 leaf photosynthesis favored higher growth temperatures more than M103.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IR72e0
- Outcome
- Leaf photosynthesise0
- Direction
- favourede0
- Comparator
- M103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf photosynthesis of IR72 favoured higher growth temperatures more than M103.”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature and elevated CO2 negatively affected Rubisco total activity in both rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperatures and elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Rubisco total activitye0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rubisco total activity and protein content were negatively affected in both genotypes by high temperatures and elevated CO 2 .”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature and elevated CO2 negatively affected Rubisco protein content in both rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperatures and elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rubisco total activity and protein content were negatively affected in both genotypes by high temperatures and elevated CO 2 .”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate to high temperatures under ambient CO2, IR72 had 71% more rbcS transcripts than M103.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR72e0
- Gene
- rbcSe0
- Outcome
- rbcS transcriptse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 71 and 39%e0
- Qualifier
- under ambient and elevated CO 2e0
- Comparator
- M103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at moderate to high growth temperatures, IR72 leaves averaged 71 and 39% more rbcS transcripts than M103 under ambient and elevated CO 2 , respectively”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate to high temperatures under elevated CO2, IR72 had 39% more rbcS transcripts than M103.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR72e0
- Gene
- rbcSe0
- Outcome
- rbcS transcriptse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Comparator
- M103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at moderate to high growth temperatures, IR72 leaves averaged 71 and 39% more rbcS transcripts than M103 under ambient and elevated CO 2 , respectively”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
IR72 had greater Rubisco activity and protein content than M103 at moderate to high temperatures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR72e1
- Outcome
- Rubisco activity and protein contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- M103e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and likewise had greater Rubisco activity and protein content”
t0“rice leaves”
e1“Leaf photosynthesis of IR72 favoured higher growth temperatures more than M103.”
Claim · model-written summary
IR72 leaf psbA expression increased with temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR72e0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Gene
- psbAe0
- Outcome
- Expression of psbAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of psbA (D1 protein of PSII) in IR72 leaves increased with temperature”
t0“rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
M103 psbA expression remained constant with temperature except at the hottest elevated-CO2 condition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- M103e0
- Treatment
- 40/30 °C under elevated CO 2e0
- Gene
- psbAe1
- Outcome
- psbAe1
- Direction
- remained constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas it remained constant for M103, except for a 20% decline at 40/30 °C under elevated CO 2”
t0“rice leaves”
e1“Expression of psbA (D1 protein of PSII) in IR72 leaves increased with temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
M103 psbA expression declined 20% at 40/30 °C under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- M103e2
- Treatment
- 40/30 °C under elevated CO 2e0
- Gene
- psbAe1
- Outcome
- psbAe1
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 20% decline at 40/30 °C under elevated CO 2”
t0“rice leaves”
e1“Expression of psbA (D1 protein of PSII) in IR72 leaves increased with temperature”
e2“Leaf photosynthesis of IR72 favoured higher growth temperatures more than M103.”
Claim · model-written summary
PSII photochemical efficiency was not impaired in either genotype at the highest growth temperatures under either CO2 level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- highest growth temperaturese0
- Outcome
- PSII photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- not impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even at the highest growth temperatures, PSII photochemical efficiency was not impaired in either genotype grown under either ambient or elevated CO 2 .”
t0“rice leaves”
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