Abstract
Polar auxin transport (PAT) plays a crucial role in the regulation of many aspects of plant growth and development. We report the characterization of a semidominant Arabidopsis thaliana bushy and dwarf1 (bud1) mutant. Molecular genetic analysis indicated that the bud1 phenotype is a result of increased expression of Arabidopsis MAP KINASE KINASE7 (MKK7), a member of plant mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase group D. We showed that BUD1/MKK7 is a functional kinase and that the kinase activity is essential for its biological functions. Compared with the wild type, the bud1 plants develop significantly fewer lateral roots, simpler venation patterns, and a quicker and greater curvature in the gravitropism assay. In addition, the bud1 plants have shorter hypocotyls at high temperature (29 degrees C) under light, which is a characteristic feature of defective auxin action. Determination of tritium-labeled indole-3-acetic acid transport showed that the increased expression of MKK7 in bud1 or the repressed expression in MKK7 antisense transgenic plants causes deficiency or enhancement in auxin transport, indicating that MKK7 negatively regulates PAT. This conclusion was further substantiated by genetic and phenotypic analyses of double mutants generated from crosses between bud1 and the auxin-related mutants axr3-3, tir1-1, doc1-1, and atmdr1-1.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The bud1 phenotype results from increased Arabidopsis MKK7 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- bud1e0
- Gene
- Arabidopsis MAP KINASE KINASE7e0
- Outcome
- bud1 phenotypee0
- Qualifier
- increased expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular genetic analysis indicated that the bud1 phenotype is a result of increased expression of Arabidopsis MAP KINASE KINASE7 (MKK7), a member of plant mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase group D.”
Claim · model-written summary
BUD1/MKK7 is a functional kinase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BUD1/MKK7e0
- Outcome
- functional kinasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We showed that BUD1/MKK7 is a functional kinase and that the kinase activity is essential for its biological functions.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinase activity is essential for BUD1/MKK7 biological functions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BUD1/MKK7e0
- Outcome
- biological functionse0
- Qualifier
- kinase activity is essentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We showed that BUD1/MKK7 is a functional kinase and that the kinase activity is essential for its biological functions.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis bud1 plants develop significantly fewer lateral roots than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- bud1e0
- Treatment
- bud1e0
- Outcome
- lateral rootse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the bud1 plants develop significantly fewer lateral roots, simpler venation patterns, and a quicker and greater curvature in the gravitropism assay.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis bud1 plants have simpler venation patterns than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- bud1e0
- Outcome
- simpler venation patternse0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the bud1 plants develop significantly fewer lateral roots, simpler venation patterns, and a quicker and greater curvature in the gravitropism assay.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis bud1 plants show quicker and greater gravitropic curvature than wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- bud1e0
- Outcome
- curvature in the gravitropism assaye0
- Direction
- quicker and greatere0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wild type, the bud1 plants develop significantly fewer lateral roots, simpler venation patterns, and a quicker and greater curvature in the gravitropism assay.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis bud1 plants have shorter hypocotyls under light at 29 degrees C.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- bud1e0
- Outcome
- hypocotylse0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Qualifier
- at high temperature (29 degrees C) under lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the bud1 plants have shorter hypocotyls at high temperature (29 degrees C) under light, which is a characteristic feature of defective auxin action.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased MKK7 expression in bud1 causes deficient auxin transport.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- increased expression of MKK7 in bud1e0
- Gene
- MKK7e0
- Outcome
- auxin transporte0
- Direction
- deficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Determination of tritium-labeled indole-3-acetic acid transport showed that the increased expression of MKK7 in bud1 or the repressed expression in MKK7 antisense transgenic plants causes deficiency or enhancement in auxin transport, indicating that MKK7 negatively regulates PAT.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Repressed MKK7 expression in antisense transgenic Arabidopsis enhances auxin transport.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- MKK7 antisense transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- repressed expressione0
- Gene
- MKK7e0
- Outcome
- auxin transporte0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Determination of tritium-labeled indole-3-acetic acid transport showed that the increased expression of MKK7 in bud1 or the repressed expression in MKK7 antisense transgenic plants causes deficiency or enhancement in auxin transport, indicating that MKK7 negatively regulates PAT.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MKK7 negatively regulates polar auxin transport, supported by double-mutant analyses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- MKK7e0
- Outcome
- PATe0
- Direction
- negatively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that MKK7 negatively regulates PAT.”
e1“This conclusion was further substantiated by genetic and phenotypic analyses of double mutants generated from crosses between bud1 and the auxin-related mutants axr3-3, tir1-1, doc1-1, and atmdr1-1.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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