Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated physiological processes, including seed germination, post-germination growth, stomatal movement, and plant stress tolerance. However, it is not clear whether CDPKs are involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defence. In the present study, the role of the maize CDPK ZmCPK11 in ABA-induced antioxidant defence and the relationship between ZmCPK11 and ZmMPK5, a maize ABA-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in ABA signalling were investigated. Treatments with ABA and H(2)O(2) induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and increased the activity of ZmCPK11, while H(2)O(2) was required for the ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activity of ZmCPK11. The transient gene expression analysis and the transient RNA interference (RNAi) test in protoplasts showed that ZmCPK11 is involved in ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and in the production of H(2)O(2). Further, ZmCPK11 was shown to be required for the up-regulation of the expression and the activity of ZmMPK5 in ABA signalling, but ZmMPK5 had very little effect on the ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activity of ZmCPK11. Moreover, the transient gene expression analysis in combination with the transient RNAi test in protoplasts showed that ZmCPK11 acts upstream of ZmMPK5 to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that ZmCPK11 is involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defence and functions upstream of ZmMPK5 in ABA signalling in maize.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced ZmCPK11 expression and activity.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with ABA and H(2)O(2) induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and increased the activity of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased ZmCPK11 activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with ABA and H(2)O(2) induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and increased the activity of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) induced ZmCPK11 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with ABA and H(2)O(2) induced the expression of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) increased ZmCPK11 activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with ABA and H(2)O(2) induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and increased the activity of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) was required for ABA-induced increases in ZmCPK11 expression and activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H(2)O(2) was required for the ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activity of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCPK11 contributes to ABA-induced up-regulation of SOD and APX expression and activities.
- Gene
- ZmCPK11e0
- Outcome
- expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmCPK11 is involved in ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCPK11 contributes to H(2)O(2) production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmCPK11 is involved in ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and in the production of H(2)O(2)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCPK11 is required for ABA-induced up-regulation of ZmMPK5 expression and activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmCPK11 was shown to be required for the up-regulation of the expression and the activity of ZmMPK5 in ABA signalling”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmMPK5 had very little effect on ABA-induced ZmCPK11 expression and activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmMPK5 had very little effect on the ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activity of ZmCPK11”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCPK11 acts upstream of ZmMPK5 to regulate antioxidant enzyme activities.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmCPK11 acts upstream of ZmMPK5 to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
t0“maize”
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