Abstract
ABSTRACT We present evidence that plant growth at elevated atmospheric CO 2 increases the high‐temperature tolerance of photosynthesis in a wide variety of plant species under both greenhouse and field conditions. We grew plants at ambient CO 2 (~ 360 μ mol mol − 1 ) and elevated CO 2 (550–1000 μ mol mol − 1 ) in three separate growth facilities, including the Nevada Desert Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility. Excised leaves from both the ambient and elevated CO 2 treatments were exposed to temperatures ranging from 28 to 48 °C. In more than half the species examined (4 of 7, 3 of 5, and 3 of 5 species in the three facilities), leaves from elevated CO 2 ‐grown plants maintained PSII efficiency ( F v / F m ) to significantly higher temperatures than ambient‐grown leaves. This enhanced PSII thermotolerance was found in both woody and herbaceous species and in both monocots and dicots. Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus showed that the greater F v / F m in elevated versus ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves following heat stress was due to both a higher F m and a lower F o , and that F v / F m differences between elevated and ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves persisted for at least 20 h following heat shock. Cucumis sativus leaves from elevated CO 2 ‐grown plants had a critical temperature for the rapid rise in F o that averaged 2·9 °C higher than leaves from ambient CO 2 ‐grown plants, and maintained a higher maximal rate of net CO 2 assimilation following heat shock. Given that photosynthesis is considered to be the physiological process most sensitive to high‐temperature damage and that rising atmospheric CO 2 content will drive temperature increases in many already stressful environments, this CO 2 ‐induced increase in plant high‐temperature tolerance may have a substantial impact on both the productivity and distribution of many plant species in the 21st century.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In more than half of tested species, elevated CO2 growth sustained PSII efficiency at significantly higher temperatures than ambient growth.
Verbatim
e0“In more than half the species examined (4 of 7, 3 of 5, and 3 of 5 species in the three facilities), leaves from elevated CO 2 ‐grown plants maintained PSII efficiency ( F v / F m ) to significantly higher temperatures than ambient‐grown leaves.”
e1“a wide variety of plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
In heat-stressed Cucumis sativus leaves, elevated CO2 growth yielded higher Fv/Fm than ambient growth.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- F v / F me0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- following heat stresse0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 ‐grown leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus showed that the greater F v / F m in elevated versus ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves following heat stress was due to both a higher F m and a lower F o”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Fm contributed to the elevated CO2 advantage in Cucumis sativus Fv/Fm after heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- greater F v / F me0
- Qualifier
- higher F me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus showed that the greater F v / F m in elevated versus ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves following heat stress was due to both a higher F m and a lower F o”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower Fo contributed to the elevated CO2 advantage in Cucumis sativus Fv/Fm after heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- greater F v / F me0
- Qualifier
- lower F oe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus showed that the greater F v / F m in elevated versus ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves following heat stress was due to both a higher F m and a lower F o”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fv/Fm difference between CO2 growth treatments persisted at least 20 hours after heat shock in Cucumis sativus.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- F v / F m differencese0
- Value
- at least 20 he0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 ‐grown leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F v / F m differences between elevated and ambient CO 2 ‐grown leaves persisted for at least 20 h following heat shock.”
e1“Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2-grown Cucumis sativus had a critical Fo-rise temperature averaging 2.9°C above ambient-grown leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 ‐growne0
- Outcome
- critical temperature for the rapid rise in F oe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2·9 °Ce0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 ‐growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumis sativus leaves from elevated CO 2 ‐grown plants had a critical temperature for the rapid rise in F o that averaged 2·9 °C higher than leaves from ambient CO 2 ‐grown plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2-grown Cucumis sativus leaves maintained a higher maximal net CO2 assimilation rate after heat shock.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 ‐growne0
- Outcome
- maximal rate of net CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- following heat shocke0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 ‐grown plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumis sativus leaves from elevated CO 2 ‐grown plants had a critical temperature for the rapid rise in F o that averaged 2·9 °C higher than leaves from ambient CO 2 ‐grown plants, and maintained a higher maximal rate of net CO 2 assimilation following heat shock.”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.