Abstract
Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea reduces urea-N use efficiency in crop production and it also pollutes the environment; it is an economic loss. A greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the effect of similar fertilizer formulations (N, P and K humates) on soil pH, exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate retention and dry matter of Zea mays cultivated on an acid soil (Typic Paleudults). The fertilizers were applied 10 days after planting (DAP) in each pot containing 10 kg of soil. Soil and plant samples (stems, leaves and roots) were collected at 31 DAP. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, ammonium, and nitrate content. Urea amended with humic acid (HA), acidified (HA+FA) and humin without TSP and MOP were not effective in increasing the dry matter production of the test crop. Urea amended with fulvic acid (FA) alone significantly increased plant dry matter. Complete fertilizer consisting urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and mono triphosphate (MOP) amended with or without HA, FA, acidified HA and FA and humin significantly increased the dry matter of the test crop with significant retention of soil exchangeable ammonium. However, only the complete fertilizer with and without HA and humin amendment significantly retained soil available nitrate. The findings in this study may only be applicable to similar acid soils. The outcome of this study may contribute to the improvement of urea N use efficiency as well as reducing environmental pollution.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with humic acid did not increase maize dry matter.
- Treatment
- Urea amended with humic acid (HA)e1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione1
- Direction
- not effective in increasinge1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Urea amended with humic acid (HA), acidified (HA+FA) and humin without TSP and MOP were not effective in increasing the dry matter production of the test crop.”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with acidified humic and fulvic acids did not increase maize dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Urea amended with humic acid (HA), acidified (HA+FA) and humin without TSP and MOP were not effective in increasing the dry matter production of the test crop.”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with humin without TSP and MOP did not increase maize dry matter.
- Treatment
- humin without TSP and MOPe1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione1
- Direction
- not effective in increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Urea amended with humic acid (HA), acidified (HA+FA) and humin without TSP and MOP were not effective in increasing the dry matter production of the test crop.”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea amended with fulvic acid significantly increased maize dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Urea amended with fulvic acid (FA) alone significantly increased plant dry matter.”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer with or without humic amendments significantly increased maize dry matter.
- Treatment
- Complete fertilizer consisting urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and mono triphosphate (MOP) amended with or without HA, FA, acidified HA and FA and humine1
- Outcome
- dry mattere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Complete fertilizer consisting urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and mono triphosphate (MOP) amended with or without HA, FA, acidified HA and FA and humin significantly increased the dry matter of the test crop”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer with or without humic amendments significantly retained soil exchangeable ammonium.
- Treatment
- Complete fertilizer consisting urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and mono triphosphate (MOP) amended with or without HA, FA, acidified HA and FA and humine1
- Outcome
- soil exchangeable ammoniume1
- Direction
- retentione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Complete fertilizer consisting urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and mono triphosphate (MOP) amended with or without HA, FA, acidified HA and FA and humin significantly increased the dry matter of the test crop with significant retention of soil exchangeable ammonium.”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Only complete fertilizer with or without HA and humin significantly retained soil available nitrate.
- Treatment
- complete fertilizer with and without HA and humin amendmente1
- Outcome
- soil available nitratee1
- Direction
- retainede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“only the complete fertilizer with and without HA and humin amendment significantly retained soil available nitrate.”
t0“Zea mays”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.