Abstract
Environmental stress as salinity can negatively affect the physiology of tomato plants. Conditions leading to a reduction of transpiration can contribute to greater tolerance to salinity. Use of kaolin-based particle film technology (PFT) may be an effective tool to control stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thus mitigating the detrimental effect of salinity. The present three-year study has investigated the effects of kaolin application on leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, leaf and canopy temperature of field-grown tomato, irrigated with brackish water by drip method, in southern Italy. Treatments were: (1) three salinity levels of irrigation water (electrical conductivity of water = 0.5, 5 and 10 dS m−1 ); (2) tomato plants treated or not with kaolin; and (3) two cultivars in each year. The increase in salinity caused the reduction of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate, and the increase of leaf and canopy temperature. Kaolin has resulted in an improvement of leaf water potential, and the reduction in gas exchange variables in low-salinity conditions. Under high salinity, kaolin was effective in limiting the reductions in net photosynthesis and reducing leaf and canopy temperature. These latter variables were slightly affected by kaolin, in different ways in respect to the saline treatments; while in non-saline conditions were 0.2–0.5°C higher in the kaolin-treated plants, the situation was reversed in more saline treatment. The variation of leaf and canopy temperature shows that kaolin influences the thermal balance mainly for the dual effect of reflection of the incident radiation and partial occlusion of the stomata. Kaolin mitigated detrimental effects of salinity also on yield, contributing to the improvement of income for the farmers. The use of kaolin-based PFT may be an effective tool to alleviate salinity stress in tomato production under arid and semi-arid conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity reduced tomato leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- increase in salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in salinity caused the reduction of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased tomato leaf and canopy temperature.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- leaf and canopy temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of leaf and canopy temperature”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin improved tomato leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Kaoline0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin has resulted in an improvement of leaf water potential”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low salinity, kaolin reduced tomato gas exchange variables.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- gas exchange variablese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- low-salinity conditionse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in gas exchange variables in low-salinity conditions”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salinity, kaolin limited reductions in tomato net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- kaoline0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- limiting the reductionse0
- Qualifier
- high salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salinity, kaolin was effective in limiting the reductions in net photosynthesis”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high salinity, kaolin reduced tomato leaf and canopy temperature.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- kaoline0
- Outcome
- leaf and canopy temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- high salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salinity, kaolin was effective in limiting the reductions in net photosynthesis and reducing leaf and canopy temperature”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In non-saline conditions, kaolin-treated tomato plants had leaf and canopy temperatures 0.2–0.5°C higher.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- kaolin-treatede0
- Outcome
- leaf and canopy temperaturee1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.2–0.5°Ce0
- Qualifier
- non-saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in non-saline conditions were 0.2–0.5°C higher in the kaolin-treated plants”
t0“tomato”
e1“leaf and canopy temperature shows that kaolin”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin mitigated salinity effects on tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Kaoline0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin mitigated detrimental effects of salinity also on yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin use contributed to improved farmer income.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- income for the farmerse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributing to the improvement of income for the farmers”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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kaolin · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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kaolin · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
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- positive
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See all 69 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.