Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate effects of kaolin (KA) and fulvic acid (FA) as antitranspirants (ATs) on relative water content (RWC) of leaves, net CO2 assimilation rate (CO2 AR), yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The plants were grown under three water regimes based upon crop daily water consumptive use (ETc). These regimes included 100%ETc, 75%ETc and 50%ETc. Field experiments were achieved for two successive seasons 2012 and 2013 under drip irrigation system in sandy soil at El-Bostan, El-Beheira Province, Egypt. The results revealed that both ATs enhanced effectively the physiological activities and yield production of tomato plants, particularly at water regime of 75% ETc, but they did not compensate the negative effects caused by sever water regime of 50% ETc. FA antitranspirant was more effective than KA. Under water regime of 75%ETc, application of 1.5 FA ml L-1 at 21-day intervals increased IWUE by 34.82% compared to untreated plants. Foliar spray by FA reduces the values of crop response factor than KA in the two seasons. These led to conserving soil water and thereby reduce the applied water by 25% of irrigation water. In comparison to untreated FA plants, the FA (75%ETc) led to decreases in the yield to 93.4% of that irrigated at 100%ETc. There were no significant differences in the fruit quality (titratable acidity and vitamin C) between both ATs treatments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Kaolin enhanced tomato physiological activities and yield, particularly at 75% ETc.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- kaoline1
- Outcome
- physiological activities and yield productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 75% ETce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both ATs enhanced effectively the physiological activities and yield production of tomato plants, particularly at water regime of 75% ETc”
e1“kaolin (KA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid enhanced tomato physiological activities and yield, particularly at 75% ETc.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fulvic acide1
- Outcome
- physiological activities and yield productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 75% ETce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both ATs enhanced effectively the physiological activities and yield production of tomato plants, particularly at water regime of 75% ETc”
e1“fulvic acid (FA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The antitranspirants did not compensate for effects of 50% ETc.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 50% ETce0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they did not compensate the negative effects caused by sever water regime of 50% ETc”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid was more effective than kaolin.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- KAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FA antitranspirant was more effective than KA.”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75% ETc, 1.5 ml L-1 fulvic acid increased irrigation water use efficiency 34.82% against untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- application of 1.5 FA ml L-1 at 21-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.82%e0
- Qualifier
- 75%ETce0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water regime of 75%ETc, application of 1.5 FA ml L-1 at 21-day intervals increased IWUE by 34.82% compared to untreated plants.”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid spray reduced crop response factor relative to kaolin in both seasons.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Foliar spray by FAe0
- Outcome
- crop response factore0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Qualifier
- two seasonse0
- Comparator
- KAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray by FA reduces the values of crop response factor than KA in the two seasons.”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment conserved soil water.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- conserving soil watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These led to conserving soil water”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment reduced applied irrigation water by 25%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- applied watere0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce the applied water by 25% of irrigation water”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield at 75% ETc with FA was 93.4% of yield at 100% ETc.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- FA (75%ETc)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 93.4%e0
- Comparator
- 100%ETce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the FA (75%ETc) led to decreases in the yield to 93.4% of that irrigated at 100%ETc.”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit titratable acidity and vitamin C did not differ significantly between antitranspirants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- both ATs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- titratable acidity and vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- both ATs treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in the fruit quality (titratable acidity and vitamin C) between both ATs treatments.”
e1“yield production of tomato plants”
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