Abstract
Permanent raised beds have been proposed as a more productive and water-efficient alternative to the conventional system of flat, flood-irrigated bays for planting narrow-spaced crops in arid north-west China. Data from a field experiment (2005–2007) conducted in the Hexi Corridor at Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, were used to compared the effects of traditional tillage (TT), zero tillage (ZT), and permanent raised beds (PRB) on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture. The results show that PRB significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil water content to 0.30 m depth by 7.2–10.7% and soil temperature to 0.05 m depth by 0.2–0.9°C during the wheat-growing period relative to TT and ZT treatments. Bulk density in 0–0.10 m soil layer under PRB was also 5.8% less than for flat planting treatments. Mean wheat yields over 3 years on PRB plots were slightly greater and furrow irrigation in permanent beds was particularly effective in increasing irrigation water use efficiency (~18%), compared with TT and ZT treatments. This increase in water use efficiency is of considerable importance for these arid areas where irrigation water resources are scarce.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent raised beds significantly increased soil water content to 0.30 m depth by 7.2–10.7% relative to traditional and zero tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- PRBe1
- Outcome
- soil water content to 0.30 m depthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 7.2–10.7%e1
- Comparator
- TT and ZT treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture”
e1“PRB significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil water content to 0.30 m depth by 7.2–10.7%”
e2“during the wheat-growing period relative to TT and ZT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent raised beds significantly increased soil temperature to 0.05 m depth by 0.2–0.9°C relative to traditional and zero tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PRBe3
- Outcome
- soil temperature to 0.05 m depthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 0.2–0.9°Ce3
- Comparator
- TT and ZT treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture”
e2“during the wheat-growing period relative to TT and ZT treatments”
e3“PRB significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil water content to 0.30 m depth by 7.2–10.7% and soil temperature to 0.05 m depth by 0.2–0.9°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density in the 0–0.10 m soil layer under permanent raised beds was 5.8% lower than under flat planting.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PRBe4
- Outcome
- Bulk density in 0–0.10 m soil layere4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Value
- 5.8%e4
- Comparator
- flat planting treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture”
e4“Bulk density in 0–0.10 m soil layer under PRB was also 5.8% less than for flat planting treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean wheat yields over 3 years on permanent raised beds were slightly greater.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PRB plotse5
- Outcome
- Mean wheat yields over 3 yearse5
- Direction
- slightly greatere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture”
e5“Mean wheat yields over 3 years on PRB plots were slightly greater”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigation in permanent beds increased irrigation water use efficiency by about 18% compared with traditional and zero tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- furrow irrigation in permanent bedse6
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiencye6
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Value
- ~18%e6
- Comparator
- TT and ZT treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on crop growth, yield, and water use in a spring wheat monoculture”
e6“furrow irrigation in permanent beds was particularly effective in increasing irrigation water use efficiency (~18%), compared with TT and ZT treatments”
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