Abstract
Grape and wine phenolic composition was monitored over two consecutive seasons in Vitis vinifera cv. Merlotfollowing application of irrigation treatments that produced seasonal average stem water potentials rangingbetween -0.7 MPa and -1.4 MPa. Fresh weight of berries was significantly reduced in response to water deficit,primarily due to decreases in pericarp weight. Increases in the concentration of grape anthocyanins andflavonols in response to water deficit were found when expressed per unit grape berry fresh weight. Skin-derivedtannin concentration in grape berries was not affected by the irrigation treatments. The concentration of grapederivedphenolics was monitored during five days of fermentation in a small-lot winemaking experiment. Duringfermentation, the concentration of anthocyanins and flavonols in wine were highest in the non-irrigated and lowfrequency-irrigated treatments, which was reflected in changes in the wine colour of ferments. Finished winesfrom non-irrigated and low frequency irrigated grapevines showed increases in bisulphite-resistant pigmentswhen compared with those irrigated at a high frequency, but differences in phenolic composition were minor.Increases in bisulphite-resistant pigments were associated with increases in vitisin A and polymeric pigmentin the first and second seasons of the study respectively. Ageing of wines for an 18-month period increasedbisulphite-resistant pigments, and treatment differences in wine colour density were enhanced, such thatincreases in both parameters were associated with the non-irrigated and low-frequency-irrigated treatments.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly reduced berry fresh weight, primarily through lower pericarp weight.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae1 - Material
- Merlote1
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- Fresh weight of berriese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight of berries was significantly reduced in response to water deficit,primarily due to decreases in pericarp weight”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased pericarp weight.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Material
- Merlote1
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- pericarp weighte0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficit,primarily due to decreases in pericarp weight”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased grape anthocyanin concentration per berry fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Material
- Merlote1
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- concentration of grape anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Qualifier
- per unit grape berry fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in the concentration of grape anthocyanins andflavonols in response to water deficit were found when expressed per unit grape berry fresh weight”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased grape flavonol concentration per berry fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- flavonolse0
- Direction
- Increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in the concentration of grape anthocyanins andflavonols in response to water deficit were found when expressed per unit grape berry fresh weight”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments did not affect skin-derived tannin concentration in grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Skin-derivedtannin concentration in grape berriese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Skin-derivedtannin concentration in grape berries was not affected by the irrigation treatments”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
During fermentation, wine anthocyanins were highest for non-irrigated and low frequency-irrigated grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- non-irrigated and lowfrequency-irrigated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- concentration of anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Duringfermentation, the concentration of anthocyanins and flavonols in wine were highest in the non-irrigated and lowfrequency-irrigated treatments”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
During fermentation, wine flavonols were highest for non-irrigated and low frequency-irrigated grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- non-irrigated and lowfrequency-irrigated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- flavonols in winee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Duringfermentation, the concentration of anthocyanins and flavonols in wine were highest in the non-irrigated and lowfrequency-irrigated treatments”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferment wine colour changed with the high anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae2
- Compound
- anthocyaninse1
- Outcome
- wine colour of fermentse0
- Direction
- changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was reflected in changes in the wine colour of ferments”
e1“concentration of anthocyanins and flavonols in wine”
e2“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Finished wines from non-irrigated and low frequency-irrigated vines had more bisulphite-resistant pigments than high frequency-irrigated vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- non-irrigated and low frequency irrigatede0
- Outcome
- bisulphite-resistant pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- those irrigated at a high frequencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finished winesfrom non-irrigated and low frequency irrigated grapevines showed increases in bisulphite-resistant pigmentswhen compared with those irrigated at a high frequency”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Finished wine phenolic composition differed only slightly between irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae2
- Treatment
- non-irrigated and low frequency irrigated grapevinese1
- Outcome
- phenolic compositione0
- Direction
- minore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in phenolic composition were minor”
e1“non-irrigated and low frequency irrigated grapevines”
e2“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher bisulphite-resistant pigments were associated with vitisin A increases in the first season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Compound
- vitisin Ae0
- Outcome
- bisulphite-resistant pigmentse0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in bisulphite-resistant pigments were associated with increases in vitisin A and polymeric pigmentin the first and second seasons of the study respectively”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher bisulphite-resistant pigments were associated with polymeric pigment increases in the second season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Compound
- polymeric pigmente0
- Outcome
- bisulphite-resistant pigmentse0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Qualifier
- second seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in bisulphite-resistant pigments were associated with increases in vitisin A and polymeric pigmentin the first and second seasons of the study respectively”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen months of wine ageing increased bisulphite-resistant pigments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- Ageing of wines for an 18-month periode0
- Outcome
- bisulphite-resistant pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ageing of wines for an 18-month period increasedbisulphite-resistant pigments”
e1“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
Ageing enhanced irrigation-treatment differences in wine colour density.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae2
- Treatment
- Ageing of wines for an 18-month periode1
- Outcome
- treatment differences in wine colour densitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment differences in wine colour density were enhanced”
e1“Ageing of wines for an 18-month period”
e2“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
Claim · model-written summary
After ageing, wine colour density was higher in non-irrigated and low-frequency-irrigated treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae2
- Treatment
- non-irrigated and low-frequency-irrigated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- wine colour densitye1
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in both parameters were associated with the non-irrigated and low-frequency-irrigated treatments”
e1“wine colour density”
e2“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.