Abstract
The effects of a slowly-imposed drought stress on gas-exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, biochemical and physiological parameters of Vitis vinifera L. leaves (cv. Aragonez, syn. Tempranillo) growing in a commercial vineyard (South Portugal) were evaluated. Relative to well-watered plants (predawn water potential, ΨPD = -0.13 ± 0.01 MPa), drought-stressed plants (ΨPD = -0.97 ± 0.01 MPa) had lower photosynthetic rates (ca 70%), stomatal conductance, and PSII activity (associated with a higher reduction of the quinone A pool and lower efficiency of PSII open centres). Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was increased in drought-stressed plants relative to well-watered plants by ca 44%. Modelled responses of net photosynthesis to internal CO2 indicated that drought-stressed plants had significant reductions in maximum Rubisco carboxylation activity (ca 32%), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration (ca 27%), and triose phosphate (triose-P) utilization rates (ca 37%) relative to well-watered plants. There was good agreement between the effects of drought on modelled biochemical parameters, and in vitro activities of key enzymes of carbon metabolism, namely Rubisco, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ribulose-5-phosphate kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase. Quantum yields measured under both ambient (35 Pa) and saturating CO2 (100 Pa) for drought-stressed plants were decreased relative to well-watered plants, as well as maximum photosynthetic rates measured at light and CO2 saturating conditions (three times ambient CO2 levels). Although stomatal closure was a strong limitation to CO2 assimilation under drought, comparable reductions in electron transport, CO2 carboxylation, and utilization of triose-P capacities were also adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery to dehydration that slowly developed under field conditions. Results presented in this study confirm that modelling photosynthetic responses based on gas-exchange data can be successfully used to predict metabolic limitations to photosynthesis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced grapevine photosynthetic rate by about 70%.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- drought-stressede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ca 70%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to well-watered plants (predawn water potential, ΨPD = -0.13 ± 0.01 MPa), drought-stressed plants (ΨPD = -0.97 ± 0.01 MPa) had lower photosynthetic rates (ca 70%), stomatal conductance, and PSII activity”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced grapevine stomatal conductance and PSII activity.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, and PSII activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought-stressed plants (ΨPD = -0.97 ± 0.01 MPa) had lower photosynthetic rates (ca 70%), stomatal conductance, and PSII activity (associated with a higher reduction of the quinone A pool and lower efficiency of PSII open centres)”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased stomatal limitation to photosynthesis by about 44%.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- Stomatal limitation to photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ca 44%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was increased in drought-stressed plants relative to well-watered plants by ca 44%.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeled maximum Rubisco carboxylation activity fell by about 32% under drought.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Gene
- Rubiscoe0
- Outcome
- maximum Rubisco carboxylation activitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- ca 32%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought-stressed plants had significant reductions in maximum Rubisco carboxylation activity (ca 32%), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration (ca 27%), and triose phosphate (triose-P) utilization rates (ca 37%) relative to well-watered plants.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeled ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration fell by about 27% under drought.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneratione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- ca 27%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought-stressed plants had significant reductions in maximum Rubisco carboxylation activity (ca 32%), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration (ca 27%), and triose phosphate (triose-P) utilization rates (ca 37%) relative to well-watered plants.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeled triose phosphate utilization fell by about 37% under drought.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- triose phosphate (triose-P) utilization ratese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- ca 37%e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought-stressed plants had significant reductions in maximum Rubisco carboxylation activity (ca 32%), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration (ca 27%), and triose phosphate (triose-P) utilization rates (ca 37%) relative to well-watered plants.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeled biochemical drought effects agreed with in vitro activities of carbon metabolism enzymes.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- good agreemente0
- Comparator
- in vitro activities of key enzymes of carbon metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was good agreement between the effects of drought on modelled biochemical parameters, and in vitro activities of key enzymes of carbon metabolism, namely Rubisco, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ribulose-5-phosphate kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced quantum yields under ambient and saturating CO2.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- Quantum yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- ambient (35 Pa) and saturating CO2 (100 Pa)e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantum yields measured under both ambient (35 Pa) and saturating CO2 (100 Pa) for drought-stressed plants were decreased relative to well-watered plants”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased maximum photosynthetic rates under saturating light and CO2.
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthetic ratese0
- Qualifier
- light and CO2 saturating conditionse0
VitisNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum photosynthetic rates measured at light and CO2 saturating conditions (three times ambient CO2 levels)”
t0“field-grown grapevine under drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal closure strongly limited CO2 assimilation under drought.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- CO2 assimilatione0
- Qualifier
- stomatal closuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal closure was a strong limitation to CO2 assimilation under drought”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Gas exchange modeling successfully predicted metabolic limits to photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- predict metabolic limitations to photosynthesise0
- Value
- successfullye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modelling photosynthetic responses based on gas-exchange data can be successfully used to predict metabolic limitations to photosynthesis.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L. leaves”
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