Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits are important signalling agents in both animals and plants. In plants, G proteins modulate numerous responses, including abscisic acid (ABA) and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) regulation of guard cell ion channels and stomatal apertures. Previous analyses of mutants deficient in the sole canonical Arabidopsis Gα subunit, GPA1, have shown that Gα-deficient guard cells are impaired in ABA inhibition of K(+) influx channels, and in pH-independent activation of anion efflux channels. ABA-induced Ca(2+) uptake through ROS-activated Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane is another key component of ABA signal transduction in guard cells, but the question of whether these channels are also dependent on Gα for their ABA response has not been evaluated previously. We used two independent Arabidopsis T-DNA null mutant lines, gpa1-3 and gpa1-4, to investigate this issue. We observed that gpa1 mutants are disrupted both in ABA-induced Ca(2+)-channel activation, and in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to ABA. However, in response to exogenous H(2)O(2) application, I(Ca) channels are activated normally in gpa1 guard cells. In addition, H(2)O(2) inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure are not disrupted in gpa1 mutant guard cells. These data indicate that absence of GPA1 interrupts ABA signalling between ABA reception and ROS production, with a consequent impairment in Ca(2+)-channel activation.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
gpa1 mutants had disrupted ABA-induced calcium-channel activation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- gpa1 mutantse0
- Treatment
- ABA-inducede0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+)-channel activatione0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“gpa1 mutants are disrupted both in ABA-induced Ca(2+)-channel activation”
Claim · model-written summary
gpa1 mutants had disrupted ROS production in response to ABA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gpa1 mutantse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“gpa1 mutants are disrupted both in ABA-induced Ca(2+)-channel activation, and in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to ABA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous hydrogen peroxide activated calcium channels normally in gpa1 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gpa1e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- exogenous H(2)O(2) applicatione0
- Outcome
- I(Ca) channelse0
- Direction
- activated normallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“in response to exogenous H(2)O(2) application, I(Ca) channels are activated normally in gpa1 guard cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide inhibition of stomatal opening was intact in gpa1 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gpa1e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of stomatal openinge0
- Direction
- not disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“H(2)O(2) inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure are not disrupted in gpa1 mutant guard cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide promotion of stomatal closure was intact in gpa1 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gpa1e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Outcome
- promotion of stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- not disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“H(2)O(2) inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure are not disrupted in gpa1 mutant guard cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that GPA1 loss interrupts ABA signaling before ROS production and consequently impairs calcium-channel activation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- GPA1e0
- Outcome
- Ca(2+)-channel activatione0
- Qualifier
- between ABA reception and ROS productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“absence of GPA1 interrupts ABA signalling between ABA reception and ROS production, with a consequent impairment in Ca(2+)-channel activation.”
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