Abstract
Interest in organic food is increasing among consumers, thus making it possible to improve the profitability of Swedish apples. One way to obtain a swift increase in organic apple production is to convert existing orchards to organic growing. The main objective of this study was to compare the horticultural performance of an apple orchard converted to organic growing with the previous Integrated Fruit Production (IFP). The trial was conducted in the south of Sweden during the years 2000–2002. The accumulated yield for organic ‘Aroma’ was 66.2 kg/tree compared with 77.9 kg and 99.5 kg for two IFP-treated sections. For ‘Karin Schneider,’ the yield was 20.7 kg/tree in the organic section, and 21.9 kg and 26.1 kg for the two IFP sections. The lower yield in organic sections was mainly due to a smaller amount of fruit. This reduction may have been caused by the use of a sulphur-containing fungicide, which could have had a fruit-thinning effect. The most important difference between treatments was apparently connected with the use of less efficient fungicides in the organic sections. In these sections, 10% of the fruit was damaged by scab, whereas less than 1% had scab in the IFP sections. Lack of efficient fungicides was also apparent after storage; 8% of organically grown ‘Aroma’ fruit was affected by the storage disease bull's-eye rot, compared with 0.4% in the IFP sections, while corresponding figures for ‘Karin Schneider’ were 4% and 0%, respectively. The two cultivars differed considerably from one another in various fruit quality parameters, but no major treatment effects were found in fruit covering colour, ground color, firmness, sugar content or malic acid content. Higher amounts of nitrogen and boron were found in fruit from the IFP sections, but this finding was probably caused by foliar spraying with nutrients.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Aroma apple yield was 66.2 kg/tree versus 77.9 kg and 99.5 kg in IFP sections.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- ‘Aroma’e0
- Treatment
- organice0
- Outcome
- accumulated yielde0
- Value
- 66.2 kg/treee0
- Qualifier
- 77.9 kg and 99.5 kge0
- Comparator
- IFP-treated sectionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulated yield for organic ‘Aroma’ was 66.2 kg/tree compared with 77.9 kg and 99.5 kg for two IFP-treated sections.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Karin Schneider apple yield was 20.7 kg/tree versus 21.9 kg and 26.1 kg in IFP sections.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Karin Schneider’e1
- Treatment
- organic sectione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 20.7 kg/treee0
- Qualifier
- 21.9 kg and 26.1 kge0
- Comparator
- IFP sectionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For ‘Karin Schneider,’ the yield was 20.7 kg/tree in the organic section, and 21.9 kg and 26.1 kg for the two IFP sections.”
e1“while corresponding figures for ‘Karin Schneider’ were 4% and 0%, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower organic apple yield was mainly due to fewer fruit.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- lower yielde0
- Qualifier
- a smaller amount of fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower yield in organic sections was mainly due to a smaller amount of fruit.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur-containing fungicide may have thinned organic apple fruit.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sulphur-containing fungicidee0
- Outcome
- fruit-thinning effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction may have been caused by the use of a sulphur-containing fungicide, which could have had a fruit-thinning effect.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fruit had 10% scab damage versus less than 1% under IFP.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- these sectionse0
- Outcome
- fruit was damaged by scabe0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- less than 1%e0
- Comparator
- IFP sectionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these sections, 10% of the fruit was damaged by scab, whereas less than 1% had scab in the IFP sections.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Aroma apple fruit had 8% bull’s-eye rot after storage versus 0.4% under IFP.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Aroma’e0
- Treatment
- organically growne0
- Outcome
- storage disease bull's-eye rote0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.4%e0
- Comparator
- IFP sectionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8% of organically grown ‘Aroma’ fruit was affected by the storage disease bull's-eye rot, compared with 0.4% in the IFP sections”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Karin Schneider fruit had 4% bull’s-eye rot after storage versus 0% under IFP.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Karin Schneider’e0
- Outcome
- corresponding figurese0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- 0%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while corresponding figures for ‘Karin Schneider’ were 4% and 0%, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The two apple cultivars differed in fruit quality parameters.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit quality parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two cultivars differed considerably from one another in various fruit quality parameters”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and IFP treatments had no major effects on apple color, firmness, sugar, or malic acid.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit covering colour, ground color, firmnesse0
- Direction
- no major treatment effectse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no major treatment effects were found in fruit covering colour, ground color, firmness, sugar content or malic acid content.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
IFP apple fruit had higher nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- IFP sectionse0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher amounts of nitrogen and boron were found in fruit from the IFP sections”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
IFP apple fruit had higher boron content.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- IFP sectionse0
- Outcome
- borone0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher amounts of nitrogen and boron were found in fruit from the IFP sections”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.