Abstract
Phenolic content of apples from an integrated and organic apple tree orchard was analysed at the Institute of Horticulture of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2012-2013. Apples of 'Lodel' and 'Aldas' cultivars on rootstock B.396 in 8-9th leaf were tested. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied annually at the rates of 50 kg/ha N and 66.4 kg/ha K in an integrated fruit orchard. A mixture of perennial grasses with 25% of white clover was sown in interrows in the second year after tree establishment in the organic production system. Every two years sward in alternate interrows was tilled for natural organic matter mineralization. Fertilizers were not used in the organic apple orchard. Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin. Organic 'Aldas' apples also contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples. On average, the total phenolic content of organic apples of both cultivars was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard. These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system. Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Organic apples had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2 and phloridzin.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Organice0
- Outcome
- procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzine0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e0“Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic apples had a higher content of chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Organice0
- Outcome
- chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechine0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e0“Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic content of organic apples was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- organice1
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 43%e1
- Comparator
- integrated orcharde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e1“the total phenolic content of organic apples of both cultivars was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Aldas apples contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Aldase3
- Treatment
- Organice3
- Outcome
- hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrine3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- non-organic applese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e3“Organic 'Aldas' apples also contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic apple trees had less trunk diameter and lower yield.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- organice4
- Outcome
- Tree trunk diameter and yielde4
- Direction
- lesse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e4“Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits of organic apple trees were better coloured.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- organice4
- Outcome
- fruitse4
- Direction
- better colourede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e4“Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N content of organically grown apples was lower than in the integrated production system.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- apple leavese2
- Treatment
- organically growne2
- Outcome
- N content in organically grown apple leavese2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- integrated production systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e2“These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in phenolic content of organic apples could be explained by nitrogen nutrition.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- phenolic contentt0
- Qualifier
- nitrogen nutritione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“higher phenolic content of organic apples”
e2“These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.