Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of disease symptoms, such as necrosis and foliar desiccation. In this study, we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). FA induced necrotic lesions in detached leaves, which are reminiscent of hypersensitive response (HR) lesions induced by plant-pathogen interactions and other abiotic stress factors. FA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation. Changes in the generation of O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were examined in FA-treated tomato leaves. It was observed that FA exposure stimulated oxidative burst in the leaves, resulting in a lasting activation of O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 production. After first day of FA application, the H 2 O 2 scavenging enzymes CAT and APX showed a strong activity decrease followed by gradual recovery to the control level after 2 and 3 days. A concomitant increase in ROS production, the down regulation of antioxidative enzymes activities and upregulation of lipid peroxidation were crucial for the onset of cell death. These results suggested that FA-induced damage might result from ROS pathways. Thus, our experiments provide a useful model plant system for research on FA-induced plant cell death.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fusaric acid induced necrotic lesions in detached tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- detached leavese1
- Treatment
- FAe1
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“FA induced necrotic lesions in detached leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusaric acid exposure stimulated an oxidative burst in tomato leaves, with lasting activation of O2.- and H2O2 production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- FA exposuree2
- Outcome
- oxidative burste2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
- Qualifier
- resulting in a lasting activation of O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 productione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“FA exposure stimulated oxidative burst in the leaves, resulting in a lasting activation of O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 production”
Claim · model-written summary
After the first day of fusaric acid application, CAT and APX activity strongly decreased and then gradually recovered to the control level after 2 and 3 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- FA applicatione3
- Gene
- CAT and APXe3
- Outcome
- activitye3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Qualifier
- after 2 and 3 dayse3
- Comparator
- control levele3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e3“After first day of FA application, the H 2 O 2 scavenging enzymes CAT and APX showed a strong activity decrease followed by gradual recovery to the control level after 2 and 3 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ROS production, down-regulated antioxidative enzyme activities and upregulated lipid peroxidation were crucial for the onset of cell death in fusaric acid-treated tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- onset of cell deathe4
- Qualifier
- A concomitant increase in ROS production, the down regulation of antioxidative enzymes activities and upregulation of lipid peroxidatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e4“A concomitant increase in ROS production, the down regulation of antioxidative enzymes activities and upregulation of lipid peroxidation were crucial for the onset of cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
FA-treated tomato leaves showed visible necrotic lesions from cell death, evident by Evans blue staining.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- FA-treatede5
- Outcome
- cell deathe5
- Qualifier
- evident by Evans blue staininge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e5“FA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
FA-treated tomato leaves showed enhanced reactive oxygen species levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- FA-treatede5
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) levelse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e5“FA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
FA-treated tomato leaves showed DNA degradation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- FA-treatede5
- Outcome
- DNA degradatione5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e5“FA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusaric acid-induced damage may result from ROS pathways.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- FA-induced damagee6
- Qualifier
- might result from ROS pathwayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e6“These results suggested that FA-induced damage might result from ROS pathways”
The same questions in other papers
Fusaric acid · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.