Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP has been shown to play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Yet much controversy remains regarding the exact role of this second messenger. Progress in unravelling cGMP function in plants was hampered by laborious and time-consuming methodology to measure changes in cellular [cGMP] but the development of fluorescence-based reporters has removed this disadvantage. This study used the FlincG cGMP reporter to investigate potential interactions between phytohormone and cGMP signalling and found a rapid and significant effect of the hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA) on cytoplasmic cGMP levels. In contrast, brassinosteroids and cytokinin did not evoke a cGMP signal. The effects of ABA, IAA, and JA were apparent at external concentrations in the nanomolar range with EC50 values of around 1000, 300, and 0.03 nmoles for ABA, IAA, and JA respectively. To examine potential mechanisms for how hormone-induced cGMP signals are propagated, the role of protein phosphorylation was tested. A phosphoproteomics analysis on Arabidopsis thaliana root microsomal proteins in the absence and presence of membrane-permeable cGMP showed 15 proteins that rapidly (within minutes) changed in phosphorylation status. Out of these, nine were previously shown to also alter phosphorylation status in response to plant hormones, pointing to protein phosphorylation as a target for hormone-induced cGMP signalling.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The hormones abscisic acid, auxin and jasmonic acid had a rapid and significant effect on cytoplasmic cGMP levels in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic cGMP levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e0“found a rapid and significant effect of the hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA) on cytoplasmic cGMP levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids and cytokinin did not evoke a cytoplasmic cGMP signal in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroids and cytokinine1
- Outcome
- cGMP signale1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e1“In contrast, brassinosteroids and cytokinin did not evoke a cGMP signal”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 for ABA-induced cytoplasmic cGMP was around 1000 at external concentrations in the nanomolar range.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese2
- Value
- around 1000e2
- Qualifier
- at external concentrations in the nanomolar rangee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e2“The effects of ABA, IAA, and JA were apparent at external concentrations in the nanomolar range with EC50 values of around 1000, 300, and 0.03 nmoles for ABA, IAA, and JA respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 for IAA-induced cytoplasmic cGMP was 300 at external concentrations in the nanomolar range.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- IAAe2
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese2
- Value
- 300e2
- Qualifier
- at external concentrations in the nanomolar rangee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e2“The effects of ABA, IAA, and JA were apparent at external concentrations in the nanomolar range with EC50 values of around 1000, 300, and 0.03 nmoles for ABA, IAA, and JA respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 for JA-induced cytoplasmic cGMP was 0.03 nmoles at external concentrations in the nanomolar range.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- JAe2
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese2
- Value
- 0.03 nmolese2
- Qualifier
- at external concentrations in the nanomolar rangee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e2“The effects of ABA, IAA, and JA were apparent at external concentrations in the nanomolar range with EC50 values of around 1000, 300, and 0.03 nmoles for ABA, IAA, and JA respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane-permeable cGMP rapidly changed the phosphorylation status of 15 Arabidopsis thaliana root microsomal proteins compared with the absence of cGMP.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae3
- Organ / stage
- root microsomal proteinse3
- Treatment
- membrane-permeable cGMPe3
- Outcome
- phosphorylation statuse3
- Direction
- changede3
- Value
- 15 proteinse3
- Qualifier
- rapidly (within minutes)e3
- Comparator
- in the absencee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A phosphoproteomics analysis on Arabidopsis thaliana root microsomal proteins in the absence and presence of membrane-permeable cGMP showed 15 proteins that rapidly (within minutes) changed in phosphorylation status”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine of the 15 proteins were previously shown to alter phosphorylation status in response to plant hormones.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- phosphorylation statuse4
- Value
- ninee4
- Qualifier
- previously shown to also alter phosphorylation status in response to plant hormonese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e4“Out of these, nine were previously shown to also alter phosphorylation status in response to plant hormones, pointing to protein phosphorylation as a target for hormone-induced cGMP signalling”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that protein phosphorylation is a target for hormone-induced cGMP signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- hormone-induced cGMP signallinge4
- Qualifier
- protein phosphorylation as a targete4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins”
e4“pointing to protein phosphorylation as a target for hormone-induced cGMP signalling”
The same questions in other papers
class · molecular: metabolites · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.