Abstract
Pathogens utilize effectors to suppress basal plant defense known as PTI (Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity). However, our knowledge of PTI suppression by filamentous plant pathogens, i.e. fungi and oomycetes, remains fragmentary. Previous work revealed that the co-receptor BAK1/SERK3 contributes to basal immunity against the potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Moreover BAK1/SERK3 is required for the cell death induced by P. infestans elicitin INF1, a protein with characteristics of PAMPs. The P. infestans host-translocated RXLR-WY effector AVR3a is known to supress INF1-mediated cell death by binding the plant E3 ligase CMPG1. In contrast, AVR3aKI-Y147del, a deletion mutant of the C-terminal tyrosine of AVR3a, fails to bind CMPG1 and does not suppress INF1-mediated cell death. Here, we studied the extent to which AVR3a and its variants perturb additional BAK1/SERK3-dependent PTI responses in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model. We found that all tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2. Moreover, we discovered that AVR3a associates with the Dynamin-Related Protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interestingly, silencing of DRP2 impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization but did not affect internalization of the growth receptor BRI1. Our results suggest that AVR3a associates with a key cellular trafficking and membrane-remodeling complex involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude that AVR3a is a multifunctional effector that can suppress BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All tested AVR3a variants suppressed flg22-triggered defense responses in Nicotiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae1
- Treatment
- variants of AVR3ae0
- Gene
- AVR3ae0
- Outcome
- defense responses triggered by flg22e0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested AVR3a variants reduced activated FLS2 internalization in Nicotiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae1
- Treatment
- variants of AVR3ae0
- Gene
- FLS2e0
- Outcome
- internalization of activated FLS2e0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
Claim · model-written summary
AVR3a associated with plant DRP2.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“AVR3a associates with the Dynamin-Related Protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
Claim · model-written summary
DRP2 silencing impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae1
- Treatment
- silencing of DRP2e0
- Gene
- DRP2e0
- Outcome
- ligand-induced FLS2 internalizatione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of DRP2 impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization but did not affect internalization of the growth receptor BRI1.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
Claim · model-written summary
DRP2 silencing did not affect BRI1 internalization.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae1
- Treatment
- silencing of DRP2e0
- Outcome
- internalization of the growth receptor BRI1e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of DRP2 impaired ligand-induced FLS2 internalization but did not affect internalization of the growth receptor BRI1.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret AVR3a as suppressing BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two pathways.
Verbatim
e0“AVR3a is a multifunctional effector that can suppress BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways.”
e1“in N. benthamiana using the elicitor/receptor pair flg22/FLS2 as a model.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.