Abstract
In greenhouse experiments, massive application of the fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenae, in summer at 26-33 C (1 x l0 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) or in autumn at 18-23 C (5 x 10 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67% or 87%, respectively. Application of 2 x l0 A. avenae to sterilized soil infested with R. solani caused leafminer-like symptom on the cotyledons, which did not occur in mixed inoculations with the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae. When 1 x 10 A. avenae were applied 3 days before inoculation with 100 Meloidogyne incognita juveniles, gall numbers on tomato roots were reduced to 50% of controls. Gall numbers also were suppressed by S. carpocapsae (str. All). Reduction in gall numbers was no greater with mixed application of A. avenae and S. carpocapsae than with application of single species, even though twice the number of nematodes were added in the former case. These nematodes were positively attracted to tomato root tips. Aphelenchus avenae suppressed infection of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, but not the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, by S. carpocapsae.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Massive summer application of Aphelenchus avenae suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber by 67%.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse2 - Treatment
- massive application of the fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenaee1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani AG-4
Rhizoctonia solani AG-4e2pathogen - Second interactor
- Aphelenchus avenaeAphelenchus avenaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlingse2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Value
- 67%e2
- Qualifier
- in summer at 26-33 Ce1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse experiments”
e1“massive application of the fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenae, in summer at 26-33 C”
e2“suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67%”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn application of Aphelenchus avenae suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber by 87%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- massive application of the fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenaee1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani AG-4Rhizoctonia solani AG-4e2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Aphelenchus avenaeAphelenchus avenaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlingse2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Value
- 87%e4
- Qualifier
- in autumn at 18-23 Ce3
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse experiments”
e1“massive application of the fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenae, in summer at 26-33 C”
e2“suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67%”
e3“or in autumn at 18-23 C (5 x 10 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil)”
e4“or 87%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelenchus avenae applied 3 days before inoculation reduced tomato gall numbers to 50% of controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume5 - Treatment
- 1 x 10 A. avenaee5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae5pest - Second interactor
- A. avenaeAphelenchus avenaee5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gall numberse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 50%e5
- Comparator
- controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“When 1 x 10 A. avenae were applied 3 days before inoculation with 100 Meloidogyne incognita juveniles, gall numbers on tomato roots were reduced to 50% of controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Steinernema carpocapsae suppressed tomato gall numbers.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- S. carpocapsaee6
- Interactor
- S. carpocapsae
Steinernema carpocapsaee6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Gall numberse6
- Direction
- suppressede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“When 1 x 10 A. avenae were applied 3 days before inoculation with 100 Meloidogyne incognita juveniles, gall numbers on tomato roots were reduced to 50% of controls”
e6“Gall numbers also were suppressed by S. carpocapsae (str. All)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed application of A. avenae and S. carpocapsae gave no greater reduction of tomato gall numbers than single species.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- mixed application of A. avenae and S. carpocapsaee7
- Interactor
- A. avenaeAphelenchus avenaee7biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- Reduction in gall numberse7
- Direction
- no greatere7
- Comparator
- application of single speciese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“When 1 x 10 A. avenae were applied 3 days before inoculation with 100 Meloidogyne incognita juveniles, gall numbers on tomato roots were reduced to 50% of controls”
e7“Reduction in gall numbers was no greater with mixed application of A. avenae and S. carpocapsae than with application of single species”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelenchus avenae suppressed infection of the turnip moth Agrotis segetum by S. carpocapsae.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- Aphelenchus avenaee3
- Interactor
- Agrotis segetum
_Figure_22f.jpg?width=60)
Agrotis segetume3pest - Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- infection of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetume3
- Direction
- suppressede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_22f.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67%”
e3“Aphelenchus avenae suppressed infection of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, but not the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, by S. carpocapsae”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelenchus avenae did not suppress infection of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura by S. carpocapsae.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- Aphelenchus avenaee3
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturae3pest - Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- common cutworm, Spodoptera liturae3
- Direction
- but note3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67%”
e3“Aphelenchus avenae suppressed infection of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, but not the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, by S. carpocapsae”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 2 x 10 A. avenae to soil infested with R. solani caused leafminer-like symptoms on cotyledons, which did not occur in mixed inoculation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- 2 x l0 A. avenaee3
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie3pathogen
- Outcome
- leafminer-like symptom on the cotyledonse3
- Direction
- causede3
- Qualifier
- did not occur in mixed inoculationse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 by 67%”
e3“Application of 2 x l0 A. avenae to sterilized soil infested with R. solani caused leafminer-like symptom on the cotyledons”
e4“which did not occur in mixed inoculations with the entomopathogenic nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematodes were positively attracted to tomato root tips.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- attracted to tomato root tipse0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These nematodes were positively attracted to tomato root tips”
The same questions in other papers
Steinernema carpocapsae · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.