Abstract
Rice microarray analysis showed that a number of stress-related genes are induced by external addition of L-ascorbic acid (AsA). The gene designated as AK073843 which is homologous to class capital SHA, Cyrillic chitinase was found to exhibit the highest induction among these genes. However, its crucial residues within the chitinase active site are substituted with other residues, suggesting that the protein has no chitinase activity. The recombinant protein which is encoded by the AK073843 gene produced in Escherichia coli has xylanase inhibitor activity, indicating that the gene encodes a novel rice XIP-type xylanase inhibitor protein (OsXIP). The expression of OsXIP was enhanced not only by exogenous AsA treatment but also by various stresses such as citrate and sodium chloride treatments, and wounding; however, it was not influenced by increasing endogenous AsA content. External AsA treatment caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage from rice root. These results suggested that OsXIP was induced by stress which is caused by external AsA treatment. Rice XIP-family genes, OsXIP, riceXIP and RIXI, showed differential organ-specific expression. Also, these genes were differentially induced by stress and stress-related phytohormones. The transcripts of OsXIP and riceXIP were undetectable under normal conditions, and were drastically induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment in the root. RIXI was constitutively expressed in the shoot but not induced by wounding and stress-related phytohormones. Thus, XIP-type xylanase inhibitors were suggested to be specialized in their function and involved in defense mechanisms in rice.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
External ascorbic acid induced multiple stress-related rice genes.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- external addition of L-ascorbic acid (AsA)e0
- Outcome
- stress-related genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice microarray analysis showed that a number of stress-related genes are induced by external addition of L-ascorbic acid (AsA)”
Claim · model-written summary
AK073843 showed the highest induction among those genes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The gene designated as AK073843 which is homologous to class capital SHA, Cyrillic chitinase was found to exhibit the highest induction among these genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Substitutions of chitinase active-site residues suggested that AK073843 protein lacks chitinase activity.
- Outcome
- chitinase activitye0
- Direction
- noe0
- Qualifier
- residues within the chitinase active site are substitutede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“its crucial residues within the chitinase active site are substituted with other residues, suggesting that the protein has no chitinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant AK073843 protein had xylanase inhibitor activity and was identified as rice OsXIP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- AK073843e0
- Outcome
- xylanase inhibitor activitye0
- Qualifier
- novel rice XIP-type xylanase inhibitor protein (OsXIP)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recombinant protein which is encoded by the AK073843 gene produced in Escherichia coli has xylanase inhibitor activity, indicating that the gene encodes a novel rice XIP-type xylanase inhibitor protein (OsXIP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ascorbic acid, citrate, sodium chloride and wounding enhanced OsXIP expression.
- Treatment
- exogenous AsA treatmente0
- Gene
- OsXIPe0
- Outcome
- expression of OsXIPe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- citrate and sodium chloride treatments, and woundinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The expression of OsXIP was enhanced not only by exogenous AsA treatment but also by various stresses such as citrate and sodium chloride treatments, and wounding”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing endogenous ascorbic acid did not alter OsXIP expression.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“it was not influenced by increasing endogenous AsA content”
Claim · model-written summary
External ascorbic acid significantly increased electrolyte leakage from rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- External AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“External AsA treatment caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage from rice root”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice XIP family genes differed in organ-specific expression.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsXIP, riceXIP and RIXIe0
- Outcome
- organ-specific expressione0
- Direction
- differentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice XIP-family genes, OsXIP, riceXIP and RIXI, showed differential organ-specific expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice XIP genes differed in induction by stress and stress-related phytohormones.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these genes were differentially induced by stress and stress-related phytohormones”
Claim · model-written summary
OsXIP and riceXIP transcripts were undetectable under normal conditions.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The transcripts of OsXIP and riceXIP were undetectable under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding and methyl jasmonate strongly induced OsXIP and riceXIP in roots.
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatmente0
- Direction
- drastically inducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“were drastically induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment in the root”
Claim · model-written summary
RIXI was constitutively expressed in shoots and was not induced by wounding or stress-related phytohormones.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“RIXI was constitutively expressed in the shoot but not induced by wounding and stress-related phytohormones”
The same questions in other papers
L-ascorbic acid · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 9 papers →L-ascorbic acid · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.