Abstract
This research experiment was conducted to examine the effect of Rhizobiuminoculation (RI) and P fertilization (P) on nodulation, growth and yield characteristics of soybean grown in the presence of starter N fertilizer (N). Treatments included: i) 02 levels of RI (RI0, RI1), ii) 02 levels of P (P0, P1 that is, P2O5 @ 90 kg ha-1) iii) 03 levels of N (N0, N1 and N2 that is, N at of 25 and 50 kg N ha-1) iv) 03 replication. Results of the experiment revealed that total number of nodules increased from 73 in the un-inoculated control to 125 and 95 following the application of RI and P representing 70 and 30% increase over control. N supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, combination of RI and P with 25 kg N ha-1 (RI1P1N1) produced the highest number of nodules (152). RI, P, N and their combinations increased shoot and root biomass. Seed yield in the control was 767 kg ha-1 that significantly increased to 1081, 907 and 940 kg ha-1 following the application of RI, P and N demonstrating a 41, 18 and 23% increase over control. The highest seed yield of 1208 kg ha-1 was recorded in the combine treatment of RI1P1N1 indicating 57% increase over control. Relative increase in dry matter yield due to RI, P and N was 63, 46 and 49%. Seed protein content in different treatments ranged between 33 - 40% while oil content ranged between 13 - 18%. Application of RI, P and their combinations increased protein content by 6 - 22% while increase in oil content was 12 - 35%. Concentrations of N and P in plants and their uptake was significantly increased and relative increase in N uptake due to RI, P and K was 77, 21 and 31% , respectively, while the corresponding increase in P uptake was 79, 92 and 56%. It was found that the efficiency of RI and P fertilization increased substantially with the application of 25 kg N ha-1 but the efficiency decreased when N supply increased from 25 kg N ha-1 to 50 kg N ha-1. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of using Rhizobium inoculation and P fertilization with reduced level of N as starter fertilizer in order to achieve plant-growth promotion, increased nodulation and seed yield of soybean. Key words: Glycine max L., nodulation, N fertilization, P application, soybean,Rhizobium inoculation, soybean.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased nodules from 73 to 125, a 70% increase over control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- total number of nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 125e0
- Qualifier
- 70 and 30% increasee0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of the experiment revealed that total number of nodules increased from 73 in the un-inoculated control to 125 and 95 following the application of RI and P representing 70 and 30% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased nodules from 73 to 95, a 30% increase over control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- total number of nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- 95e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of the experiment revealed that total number of nodules increased from 73 in the un-inoculated control to 125 and 95 following the application of RI and P representing 70 and 30% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
N supply did not affect soybean nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, combination of RI and P with 25 kg N ha-1 (RI1P1N1) produced the highest number of nodules (152).”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RI, P and 25 kg N ha-1 produced the highest nodule number, 152.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- combination of RI and P with 25 kg N ha-1 (RI1P1N1)e0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 152e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, combination of RI and P with 25 kg N ha-1 (RI1P1N1) produced the highest number of nodules (152).”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI increased shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI, P, N and their combinations increased shoot and root biomass.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
P increased shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI, P, N and their combinations increased shoot and root biomass.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
N increased shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI, P, N and their combinations increased shoot and root biomass.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
their combinations increased shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- their combinationse0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RI, P, N and their combinations increased shoot and root biomass.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI significantly raised seed yield to 1081 kg ha-1, 41% above control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1081e0
- Qualifier
- 41, 18 and 23% increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield in the control was 767 kg ha-1 that significantly increased to 1081, 907 and 940 kg ha-1 following the application of RI, P and N demonstrating a 41, 18 and 23% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
P significantly raised seed yield to 907 kg ha-1, 18% above control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 907e0
- Qualifier
- 41, 18 and 23% increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield in the control was 767 kg ha-1 that significantly increased to 1081, 907 and 940 kg ha-1 following the application of RI, P and N demonstrating a 41, 18 and 23% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
N significantly raised seed yield to 940 kg ha-1, 23% above control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 940e0
- Qualifier
- 41, 18 and 23% increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield in the control was 767 kg ha-1 that significantly increased to 1081, 907 and 940 kg ha-1 following the application of RI, P and N demonstrating a 41, 18 and 23% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RI1P1N1 gave the highest seed yield of 1208 kg ha-1, 57% above control.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RI1P1N1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Qualifier
- 1208 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 1208 kg ha-1 was recorded in the combine treatment of RI1P1N1 indicating 57% increase over control.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI increased dry matter yield by 63%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 63e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increase in dry matter yield due to RI, P and N was 63, 46 and 49%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
P increased dry matter yield by 46%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increase in dry matter yield due to RI, P and N was 63, 46 and 49%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
N increased dry matter yield by 49%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 49e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increase in dry matter yield due to RI, P and N was 63, 46 and 49%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein content ranged from 33 to 40% across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Seed protein contente0
- Value
- 33 - 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein content in different treatments ranged between 33 - 40% while oil content ranged between 13 - 18%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed oil content ranged from 13 to 18% across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Value
- 13 - 18%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein content in different treatments ranged between 33 - 40% while oil content ranged between 13 - 18%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI, P and their combinations increased seed protein content by 6-22%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RI, P and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6 - 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of RI, P and their combinations increased protein content by 6 - 22% while increase in oil content was 12 - 35%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI, P and their combinations increased seed oil content by 12-35%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RI, P and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12 - 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of RI, P and their combinations increased protein content by 6 - 22% while increase in oil content was 12 - 35%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
RI increased N uptake by 77%.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of N and P in plants and their uptake was significantly increased and relative increase in N uptake due to RI, P and K was 77, 21 and 31% , respectively, while the corresponding increase in P uptake was 79, 92 and 56%.”
t0“Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan”
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