Abstract
It is generally accepted that begomoviruses in the family Geminiviridae encode four proteins (from AC1/C1 to AC4/C4) using the complementary-sense DNA as template. Although AC5/C5 coding sequences are increasingly annotated in databases for many begomoviruses, the evolutionary relationships and functions of this putative protein in viral infection are obscure. Here, we demonstrate several important functions of the AC5 protein of a bipartite begomovirus, Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). Mutational analyses and transgenic expression showed that AC5 plays a critical role in MYMIV infection. Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, MYMIV AC5 effectively suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-stranded but not double-stranded RNA. AC5 was also able to reverse transcriptional gene silencing of a green fluorescent protein transgene by reducing methylation of promoter sequences, probably through repressing expression of a CHH cytosine methyltransferase (DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE2) in N. benthamiana. Our results demonstrate that MYMIV AC5 is a pathogenicity determinant and a potent RNA silencing suppressor that employs novel mechanisms to suppress antiviral defenses, and suggest that the AC5 function may be conserved among many begomoviruses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
AC5 was critical for MYMIV infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Interactor
- MYMIVe0pathogen
- Gene
- AC5e0
- Outcome
- MYMIV infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutational analyses and transgenic expression showed that AC5 plays a critical role in MYMIV infection.”
t0“Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus”
e1“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX vector expression of AC5 caused severe mosaic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vectore0
- Interactor
- Potato virus XPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- AC5e0
- Outcome
- severe mosaic symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX vector expression of AC5 induced a hypersensitive-like response.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vectore0
- Interactor
- Potato virus XPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- AC5e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive-like responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
MYMIV AC5 suppressed silencing induced by single-stranded RNA.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- MYMIVe0pathogen
- Gene
- MYMIV AC5e0
- Outcome
- post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-strandede0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYMIV AC5 effectively suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-stranded but not double-stranded RNA.”
t0“Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus”
e1“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
MYMIV AC5 did not suppress silencing induced by double-stranded RNA.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- MYMIVe0pathogen
- Gene
- MYMIV AC5e0
- Outcome
- post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-stranded but not double-stranded RNAe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYMIV AC5 effectively suppressed post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by single-stranded but not double-stranded RNA.”
t0“Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus”
e1“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
AC5 reversed GFP transgene transcriptional silencing by reducing promoter methylation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- AC5e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional gene silencing of a green fluorescent protein transgenee0
- Direction
- reversee0
- Qualifier
- reducing methylation of promoter sequencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AC5 was also able to reverse transcriptional gene silencing of a green fluorescent protein transgene by reducing methylation of promoter sequences”
t0“Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus”
e1“Ectopic expression of AC5 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms followed by a hypersensitive-like response in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed mechanism for AC5 silencing suppression includes repression of DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE2.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE2e0
- Outcome
- repressing expressione0
- Qualifier
- probablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“probably through repressing expression of a CHH cytosine methyltransferase (DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE2) in N. benthamiana”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.